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Honors IPES Final

TermDefinition
Formation of the solar system Our solar system was formed from a nebula.
First 3 steps of the formation of the solar system 1: A cloud of gas and dust formed a spinning disk because of gravity. 2: Gas in the center of the disk collapsed. Fusion began and the Sun was formed. 3. The remaining gas and dust formed the planets.
Steps 4 and 5 of the formation of the solar system 4. The planets clear out their orbits. 5. The solar system includes the sun, planets, and belts of rock, ice, and dust. The solar system is finished and it is mostly empty space.
Accretion The gathering/sticking together of material (rock) to condense into a large mass to form a planet. Driven by gravity.
Age of the Earth 4.6 billion years old
Late Heavy Bombardment A time period in the early solar system when a massive amount of asteroids and comets collided with the inner planets adding mass and energy.
Evidence for Early Earth conditions 1. Volcanoes on other planets 2. Meteor composition 3. Comet composition 4. Impact craters 5. Moon rocks and the condition of the surface
Volcanoes on other planets Craters, volcanoes, and landscapes on other planets are evidence that the same processes are present on all terrestrial planets in our solar system.
Meteor composition Meteorites are frozen in time since the materials they are made from cooled after the nova of the Sun. Contain rock and metal that reveal the composition of the Earth.
Comet composition Contain rock and ice that reveal the possible source of Earth’s water.
Moon rocks and the condition of the surface The condition of the Moon reflects conditions on early Earth. The Moon has no weathering and erosion to erase the marks of the past.
Layers of the Earth are sorted by... Density
Layers of the Earth in Order Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.
What are denser materials made of and what do they do as a result? Denser materials made of heavy metals sink
What are lighter materials made of and what do they do as a result? Lighter materials made of silica float
Where does convection occurs in Earth's crust? The mantle and outer core.
Layers of the mantle Lithosphere and asthenosphere
Convection in the Earth is driven by Heat from the core, changes in density, and gravity
Thermal Expansion As matter heats up the particles spread out reducing the density of the material. As matter cools down the particles condense, increasing the density of the material.
Heat sources of the core 1. Leftover heat from the formation of the core 2. Nuclear decay of heavy elements
Nuclear decay of heavy elements Unstable atoms break down, release energy, and become new atoms.
Magnetosphere Protective sphere around Earth caused by the spinning of the inner core
Plate tectonics The theory that explains the formation, movement, and subduction of Earth’s plates.
Plate tectonics are driven by... Convection
What did plate tectonics do to the continents? Reconfigured the arrangement of the continents
Theory of plate tectonics and continental drift All continents were once joined together in a single landmass.
Most recent supercontinent Pangea, 225 million years ago.
Uplift Force that raises the crust and reveals rock layers that were long buried. It happens during volcanic and tectonic activity.
Continental Crust Qualities Less dense, older plate, made mostly of silica rich rocks.
Oceanic Crust Qualities More dense, younger plate, made mostly of metal rich rocks.
Occurs at Plate Boundaries Folding/mountain building: The bending of rock layers due to stress in the Earth’s crust.
Rock as evidence for plate movements Igneous rocks: Rocks that cool from magma or lava. Metamorphic rocks: Rocks that have changed into new rock by heat and pressure. Sedimentary rocks: Rocks that have fossils.
Hadean Eon 1: Formation of the Earth's crust. 2: Atmosphere composed largely of carbon dioxide and water vapor, along with some other volcanic gases.
Cambrian Explosion Rapid diversification of most major animal groups marking the start of the Paleozoic era.
The Great Dying Largest mass extinction in Earth's history killed 90% of life on Earth.
Carboniferous Period Vast, swampy forests flourished (modern day coal) Earliest reptiles (Amphibians, insects, and land plants majorly diversified) Winged insects (big dragonflies and cockroaches) evolved Pangea begins to form
Age of Reptiles (Dinosaurs) Also known as Jurassic Period Dinosaurs became the most abundant diverse land animals One lineage of dinosaurs evolved feathers and ultimately led to modern birds.
KT-Boundary Iridium rich rock boundary between the Cretaceous and the Paleogene, supports the asteroid impact theory.
Most Recent Ice Age Quarternary Period, ended 12,000 years ago.
Era A long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic that's distinguished by major changes in the life forms.
Paleozoic Era Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian
Mezosoic Era
Cenozoic Era
Created by: gd8445
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