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Bio Exam 6 vocab

QuestionAnswer
Heritable transmissible from parent to offspring
Evolution the development of new types of organisms from preexisting organisms over time
Natural selection mechanism which better adapted organisms survive
Artificial selection the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations
Selection pressure an agent of differential mortality or fertility that tends to make a population change genetically
Fossil the remains or impression of a prehistoric reserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock
Homologous structure limbs or body parts that are similar in structure due to shared ancestry, but that may be or not be similar in function
Pentadactyl limb a five toed or fingered homologous structure
Divergent evolution when one species diverges (or separates) into multiple descendant species. Inherited traits adapt to different forms in different environments ex. homologous structures
Analogous structure body parts that have similar functions but are different in underlying structure
Convergent evolution when unrelated organisms evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments (may look similar because they’ve adapted to similar environments, not because of a common ancestor)
Phylogenetic tree a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different
Common ancestor the most recent individual from which all the organisms of the set are descended
Adaptive radiation the diversification of an ancestral form into many different forms
Adaptation any heritable trait that helps an organism survive in its environment
Fitness reproductive success
Genotype the genetic makeup of the organism Ex. TT or Tt
Phenotype the expressed physical trait Ex. Tall
Resistance in bacteria bacteria is no longer affected by antibiotics
Microevolution changes in the frequency of alleles within a species or population
Macroevolution refers to the evolution of new species
Vestigial body parts that serve little to no purpose
Created by: lwstudystack
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