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biology final

QuestionAnswer
What type of beam does a light microscope use? light beam
What type of beam does a TEM microscope use? electron beam
What type of beam does an SEM microscope use? electron beam
What type of beam does an STM microscope use? probe
Is a light microscope 2-D or 3-D? 2-D
Is a TEM microscope 2-D or 3-D? 2-D
Is an SEM microscope 2-D or 3-D? 3-D
Is an STM microscope 2-D or 3-D? 3-D
Can a light microscope view living things yes
Can a TEM microscope view living things? no
Can an SEM microscope view living things? no
Can an STM microscope view living things? yes
What are the 7 characteristics of life? Homeostasis, Heredity, Reproduction, Responsiveness, Metabolism, Cellular Organization, and Growth/Development
What are the steps of the scientific method in order? Gather info, form a hypothesis, test, record data, form a conclusion
Draw and label an atom (know how to) label all parts
What is the difference between an infectious disease and a genetic disease? infectious diseases are transmittable, whereas a genetic disease is caused by a defect, addition, or deletion of gene
Why do water molecules cluster together? because they are polar
What are the four macromolecules? Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
What is the subunit of carbohydrates? sugar
What is the subunit of proteins? amino acids
What is the subunit of lipids? fatty acids
What is the subunit of nucleic acids? nucleotides
What is the function of a lipid? to store energy
What is the function of a carbohydrate? to store energy
What is the function of a protein? to build muscle
What is the function of nucleic acids? to store genetic info
What elements make up lipids? Carbon and Hydrogen (C, H)
What elements make up carbohydrates? Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (C, H, O)
What elements make up proteins? Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (C, H, O, N)
What elements make up nucleic acids? Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus (C,H, O,N,P)
What are some examples of lipids? waxes and oils
What are some examples of carbohydrates? any sugars
What are some examples of proteins? meat and hair
What are some examples of nucleic acids? DNA and RNA
List the 7 cell organelles. nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, and vesicles
What main function does the nucleus have? it's the control center of the cell
What main function does the cell membrane have? it's the gatekeeper of the cell
What main function does the mitochondria have? it's the powerhouse of the cell
What main function does the golgi apparatus have? it's like the post-office of the cell
What main function does the endoplasmic reticulum have? it's like the highway of the cell
What main function does the lysosome have? it's like the garbage disposal of the cell
What main function do the vesicles have? they are temporary transport mechanisms
List 4 things about Eukaryotic Cells. most recent, bigger, nucleated, everything but bacteria
List 4 things about Prokaryotic Cells. oldest, smallest, non-nucleated, only bacteria
a- opposite
anti- against
bio- life
homo- same
hetero- different
endo- inside
exo- outside
di- divide / two
mono- one
tri- three
hemo- blood
emia- blood disorder
hypo- below
hyper- above
photo- light
pino- to drink
phago- to eat
cyt- cell
osis- condition or state
troph- feeder
innate- born with
energy- ability to do work
homeostasis- steady balanced state (temp of 98.6 F etc.)
metabolism- the sum of all the chemical changes in the body
chemical energy- energy due to the bonding of atoms
covalent bonds- bonds that share electrons
ionic bonds- bonds that give or take away electrons to bond
variable- the part of an experiment that is changed (manipulated)
natural selection- survival of the fittest within a particular environment (opposite of artificial selection)
List 4 things about Mitosis. makes body cells, diploid, 2n, makes identical new cells
List 4 things about Meiosis. makes sex cells (gametes), haploid, n, makes cells with half the # of chromosomes
List the levels of the organization of life in order from smallest to largest. Draw a line between the living and nonliving structures. atom, element, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, / cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism
Know how to draw and label a phospholipid molecule. picture on study guide
gonad- sex gland / testes and ovaries
gamete- sex cell
ova- female gamete / egg
sperm- male gamete / sperm
fertilization- union of egg and sperm
dominant- gene that is expressed
recessive- gene that can be masked
heterozygous- having different genes
homozygous- having the same genes
Medel- father of genetics
phenotype- physical characteristics
genotype- genetic make-up
P generation- first true-breeding parental generation
F1 generation- first set of genetic offspring
multicellular- having more than one cell
unicellular- made up of only on cell
consumer- heterotroph
producer- autotroph
pigment- light absorbing material
ATP- adenosine tri-phosphate / a tiny packet of usable energy
diffusion- the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
osmosis- the diffusion of water
herbivore- plant eater
omnivore- both plant and fish eater
carnivore- flesh eater
atom- basic unit of matter that retains all its chemical properties
cell- basic unit of life
selective permeability- only certain things can pass through ( penetrate or permeate)
What are the 4 phases of Mitosis? prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
What are the phases of Meiosis? prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II
What is the correct formula for photsynthesis? 6H2O + 6CO2 -> C6H12O6 +6O2
What is the correct formula for cellular respiration? C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP
Created by: sophiamerando
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