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Weather 2 Test

TermDefinition
Factors affecting wind Coriolis affect and friction
Coriolis affect caused by rotation of earth; in the nh winds are deflected clockwise; in the sh winds are deflected counterclockwise
Jet stream occur near the tropopause-unaffected by friction
cloud types cumulus, cirrus, and stratus
Cumulus "pile"; "cotton. ball" structure; flat base with rising domes; individual rounded masses
Cirrus "a curl of hair"; high, white, thin; feathery appearance
Stratus "a layer"; sheets that cover most of the sky; no distinct cloud units
High Clouds cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus; thin and white; made of ice crystals; no precipitation
Middle clouds Altocumulus, altostratus; bigger/ more dense than high clouds; light snow/drizzle
Low Clouds stratus, stratocumulus, nimbostratus
nimbo rainy
cumulonimbus start low, end high; thunderstorms; hail
fog a cloud with its base at/near the ground; caused by cooling/evaporation
formation of precipitation cloud droplets must grow in order to fall to earth before evaporating
drizzle drops with diameter smaller than .02 inches falling close together
hail often during thunderstorms
Low pressure centers cyclones; pressure is lowest in the center; air blows inward; counterclockwise; air flows upward and expands because of decreasing air pressure; adiabatic cooling; condensation; precipitation
high pressure centers anticyclones; pressure is greatest at the center; air blows outward; clockwise; air flows downward and expands increasing pressure; adiabatic heating; clear skies
Equatorial low rises at equator; very wet (adiabatic cooling)
Subtropical high sinks back down at 30 degrees; very dry (adiabatic heating
Trade flows air blows from 30 degrees north and south to equator; moving from the east
Westerlies rising at 60 degrees; wet (adiabatic cooling); air flows out from 30 degrees to 60 degrees; moving from the west
polar Easterlies rising at 60 degrees; wet (adiabatic cooling); sinking at poles; dry(adiabatic heating); flowing from poles to 60 degrees; flow from the east
Sea breeze during day land heats up faster; hot air rises; cooler air from sea comes in to replace
Land breeze at night land cools down faster; warmer air over water rises; cooler air from over land comes in to replace
Monsoons caused by unequal heating of land and water; when land is warmer, air is pulled over the continent; air is moist so lots of rain is produced
measuring wind direction; wind vane; speed; anemometer
air masses large bodies of air that move from one region to another
c continental (dry)
m maritime (wet)
P polar (cold)
T tropical (warm)
A arctic (really cold)
Weather in north America mostly influenced by cP and mT
cP air masses cold and dry in winter; cool and dry in summer; brings clear skies; can bring lake effect snow to leeward shores
mT air masses high temperatures; oppressive humidity; source of most rain in the US
mP air masses from the North Pacific; low clouds and showers
cT from southwest US and Mexico; usually only affect source region; can create hot, drought like conditions in the Great Plains; "Indian Summer"
Fronts when two air masses meet; narrow; warmer air goes over cooler air
Types of Fronts cold; warm; stationary; occluded; have types of weather "normally" associated with them
Warm front warmer air replacing cooler air; warmer air is less dense; rises above cooler air; adiabatic cooling; clouds form; light precipitation over a large area for a long period of time
Cold Front colder air moving in to replace warmer air; colder air is more dense and forces warmer air up; adiabatic cooling; clouds form; heavy precipitation; associated with thunderstorms
Stationary Front air flow is parallel to location of front; some gentle precipitation
Occluded Front a cold front overtakes a warm front; complex weather
Severe storms thunderstorms; tornadoes; hurricanes
Thunderstorms Cumulonimbus clouds; associated with cold fronts; approximately 2000 at any given time; gusty winds; heavy rain; hail
Tornadoes violent windstorms that take the form of a rotating column of extending from cumulonimbus clouds down to the ground; greater frequency April-june; most associated with thunderstorms
warning a tornado has actually been seen
watch conditions are right, a tornado could happen
Hurricanes sustained winds of at least 119 km/hr; aka typhoons/cyclones; can generate 15m waves; flooding; eye is clear and calm; 5-20 degrees latitude; late summer; needs warm, moist air
Created by: sydney.holtz
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