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Weather and Climate
2/3 & 2/4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Wind | The horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure. |
| Anemometer | An instrument used to measure wind speed. |
| Wind-chill factor | Increased cooling caused by the wind. |
| Local wind | Winds that blow over short distances. |
| Sea breeze | The flow of air from an ocean or lake to the land. |
| Land breeze | The flow of air from land to a body of water. |
| Monsoon | Sea and land breezes over a large region that change direction with the seasons. |
| Global wind | Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances. |
| Coriolis effect | The way Earth’s rotation makes winds in the Northern Hemisphere curve to the right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the left. |
| Latitude | The distance from the equator, measured in degrees |
| Jet streams | Bands of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth’s surface. |
| Evaporation | The process by which water molecules in liquid water escape into the air as water vapor. |
| Humidity | A measure of the amount of water vapor in the air. |
| Relative humidity | The percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount the air could hold at that temperature. |
| Psychrometer | An instrument used to measure relative humidity, consisting of a wet-bulb thermometer and a dry-bulb thermometer. |
| Condensation | The process by which molecules of water vapor in the air become liquid water. |
| Dew point | The temperature at which condensation begins. |
| Cumulus | Clouds that form less than 2 kilometers above the ground and look like fluffy, rounded piles of cotton. |
| Stratus | Clouds that form in flat layers. |
| Cirrus | Wispy, feathery clouds made mostly of ice crystals that form at high levels, above about 6 kilometers. |
| What causes wind? | The horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure. Differences in air pressure. |
| If a wind vane measures wind direction, then what does an anemometer do? | Measures air speed |
| What is the wind-chill factor? | The increased cooling that a wind can cause. The wind blowing over your skin removes body heat. |
| What causes local winds? | Winds that blow over short distances. Caused by unequal heating of Earth’s surface within a small area. |
| Explain the difference between a sea breeze and a land breeze. | Sea breeze is a wind that blows from the ocean onto land. Land breeze is the flow of air from land to a body of water. |
| What do monsoons produce for farmers? | Lots of rain for the crops. |
| How is a global wind different from a local wind? | Global wind are winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances. Local winds are only over short distances. |
| Warm air rises at the equator, and cold air sinks at the poles. This creates what type of currents that make wind? | Creates giant convection currents |
| What is the Coriolis effect? Who was it named after? | It is the way Earth’s rotation makes winds curve. French mathematician who studied and explained it in 1835. |
| What are the major global wind belts? | Major global wind belts- the trade winds, the prevailing westerlies, and the polar easterlies. |
| Define latitude. Where is wind the weakest? | Latitude- is the distance from the equator, measured in degrees. Weakest at about 30 degrees north and south latitudes, the air stops moving toward the poles and sinks. |
| Where did “trade” winds get its name? | It is a steady easterly wind that helped carry cargoes from Europe to the West Indies and South America. |
| What two winds play an important part in the weather in the U.S.? | Prevailing Westerlies Polar Easterlies |
| What is the jet stream? | About 10 km above Earth’s surface are bands of high-speed winds. |
| Define evaporation. | Process by which water molecules in liquid water escape into the air as water vapor. |
| Using the water cycle diagram on p. 61, what happens in the cycle after evaporation occurs? | Water vapor in the atmosphere condenses to form clouds. Rain and other forms of precipitation fall from the clouds toward the surface. |
| Precipitation that falls on mountains reaches the oceans, lakes, and streams. Please explain how this occurs. | Water runs off surface, or moves through the ground, back to the oceans, lakes and streams. |
| Define humidity. Define relative humidity. You feel less comfortable on a hot day that is humid opposed to being dry. | Measure of the amount of water vapor in the air. The percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the max. Amount the air could hold. Evaporation slows down causing a less cooling effect on your body. |
| How are clouds formed? | Clouds form when water vapor in the air becomes liquid water or ice crystals. |
| Define condensation. Define dew point. | Condensation- process by which molecules of water vapor in the air become liquid water. Dew point- the temp. at which condensation begins |
| What are the 3 main types of clouds that are associated with different types of weather? | Cumulus Stratus Cirrus |
| Define cumulus. What type of weather is connected to this cloud? | Cumulus- fluffy, rounded piles of cotton. Give us fair weather. Towering cumulus with flat tops, called cumulonimbus clouds produce thunderstorms. |
| Define stratus. What type of weather is connected to this cloud? | Stratus- flat layers As they thicken, may produce drizzle, rain, or snow. |
| Define cirrus. What type of weather is connected to this cloud? | Cirrus- wispy, feathery clouds Storm is approaching |
| What does the prefix alto- mean like in altocumulus and altostratus? What is fog? | Alto means- “high” Fog are clouds that form at or near the ground. |
Created by:
WadeOwe11
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