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IB bio sl topic 3

QuestionAnswer
Define gene and loci [2] Gene: DNA sequence that encodes a specific trait Loci: Position of a gene in a chromosome
Define what an allele is [1] Different versions of a gene which causes variation (different eye colour)
Outline the 3 types of mutation [3] Beneficial: Creates new variation of a trait. Neutral: Affects nothing Detrimental: Affects normal function of a trait
Name and outline an example of gene mutation [6] Sickle cell anemia: change in 6th codon beta chain for haemoglobin. Causes haemoglobin to be insoluble, can't carry O2 as effective, red blood cells are shaped like a sickle ,may cause clots in capillaries, destroyed faster = low red blood cell count
Outline the sequence changes in sickle cell anemia [3] DNA: GAG -> GTG RNA: GAG -> GUG Polypeptide: Glu -> Val
Outline the human genome project [3] International research established to sequence human genome Completed in 2003. Helped with Mapping Screening Medicine Ancestry
What are Homologous pairs [3] Chromosomes inherited by both parents in sexual reproduction Have same structural features and same loci position
What are the differences between diploid and haploid [] Diploid: 2n, 2 allies copies for each trait, created via mitosis, present in most animal and many plants Haploid: n, single allies copy for each trait, gametes, created via meiosis, present in bacteria and fungi
What is a Karyogram [1] Shows chromosomes of an organism in homologous pairs
Outline Meiotic Division [] Before Division: Homologous pair of chromosomes (1 diploid parent cell) Interphase: Chromosomes replicate Meiosis I: First cell division (replicated chromosomes separate) Meiosis II: Second cell division (sister chromatids separate)
Outline sister chromatids [] Two identical DNA molecules, held in a single centromere
Outline the stages of Meiosis [] Meiosis I P-I M-I A-I T-I Meiosis II P-II M-II A-II T-II
Created by: Rex1099999999
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