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1610 Ch. 9 Terms

1610 Biology: Ch. 9 Terms

QuestionAnswer
photon A particle of electromagnetic radiation; one quantum of radiant energy.
action spectrum A graph of the effectiveness of light at specific wavelengths in promoting a light-requiring reaction.
carotenoids A group of yellow to orange plant pigments synthesized from isoprene subunits.
light-dependent reactions Reactions of photosynthesis in which light energy absorbed by chlorophyll is used to synthesize ATP and usually NADPH.
photosystem One of two photosynthetic units responsible for capturing light energy and transferring excited electrons
photosystem I Photosystem that strongly absorbs light of about 700 nm.
Photosystem II Photosystem that strongly absorbs light of about 680 nm.
antenna complex The arrangment of chlorophyll, accessory pigments, and pigment-binding proteins into light-gathering units in the thylakoid membranes of photoautotropic eukaryotes.
photolysis The photochemical splitting of water into the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis; a specific enzyme is needed to catalyze this reaction.
noncyclic electron transport In photosynthesis, the linear flow of electrons, produced by photolysis of water, through photosystems II and I; results in the formation of ATP (by chemiosmosis), NADPH, and O2.
Calvin cycle Cyclic series of reactions in the chloroplasts stroma in photosynthesis; fixes carbon dioxide and produces carbohydrates.
mesophyll Photosynthetic tissue in the interior of a leaf; sometimes differentiated into palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll.
crassulacean acid metabolism CAM plant; carbon is initially fixed into organic acids at night in the reaction of CO2 and phosphoenolpyruvate, catalyzed by PEP carboxylase; during the day the acids break down to yield CO2, which eneters the Calvin cycle.
absorption spectrum A graph of the amount of light at specific wavelengths that is absorbed as light passes through a substance.
chlorophyll A group of light-trapping green pigments found in most photosynthetic organisms.
carbon-fixation reactions Reduction reactions of photosynthesis in which carbon from carbon dioxide becomes incorporated into organic molecules.
antenna complex The arrangement of chlorophyll, accessory pigments, and pigment-binding proteins into light-gathering units in the thylakoid membranes of photoautotropic eukaryotes.
P680 Chlorophyll a molecules that serve as the reaction center of photosystem II, transferring photoexited electrons to primary acceptor; named by their absorption peak.
rubisco The common name of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
C4 Plant Plant that fixes carbon initially by a pathway, in which the reaction of CO2, with phosphoenolpyruvate is catalyzed by PEP carboxylase in leaf mesophyll cells; the products are transferred to the bundle sheath, where the Calvin cycle takes place.
bundle-sheath cell Tightly packaged cells that form a sheath around the veins of a leaf.
CAM Plant Plant that carries out crassulacean acid metabolism; carbon is initially fixed into organic acids at night in the reaction of CO2 and phosphoenolpyruvate, catalyzed by PEP carboxylase; during the day the acids break down to yield CO2, enters calvin cycle.
wavelength The distance from one wave peak to the next; the energy of electromagnetic radiation is inversely proportional to its wavelength.
pigment A substance that selectively absorbs light of specific wavelengths.
fluorescence The emission of light of a longer wavelength (lower energy) than the light originally absorbed.
carbon fixation reactions Reduction reactions of photosynthesis in which carbon from carbon dioxide becomes incorporated into organic molecules, leading to the production of a carbohydrate.
Created by: Grace Perry
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