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PHCC dis.respiratory
PHCC diseases of the respiratory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is URI? | upper respiratory infection |
| Coryza ( common cold),Hay fever ,tonsillitis,pharyngitis and laryngitis are all what kind of infection? | URI |
| What is Coryza? | the common cold |
| Coryza is caused by how many different strains of viruses that are highly contagious? | 200 |
| s/s of coryza are what? | 1)nasal congestion, 2) copious mucus secretions (rhinorrhea) 3)sneezing 4)pyrexia in kids 5)pharyngitis 6)cough |
| Recovering from coryza does not provide a lasting what? | immunity |
| Viscous yellow mucus secretion is a sign of a bacterial infection such as what? | staphylococci,streptococci or pneumococci |
| 1)antipyrectics (Tylenol)2)decongestants (Sudafed),3)antitussives(Benylin),4)increase fluid intake 5)rest 6)antibiotics(amoxicillin)if there are signs of secondary bacterial infections 7)Zicam to reduce the severity/duration of symptoms are Tx for? | coryza |
| Hay fever is usually caused by allergies due to ? | pollens,ragweed and grasses |
| The s/s of hay-fever are as follows; 1)nasal congestion 2) rhinorrhea 3) cephalalgia 4)sneezing but what is the other s/s that makes it different from a cold? | erythematous,pruritic and watery eyes |
| The following are the Tx for what ?1)Antihistamines (Zyrtec) 2)decongestants (Sudafed) 3) allergy desensitization AKA allergy shots. | Hay fever |
| An inflammation of the tonsils commonly caused by a virus is called what? | tonsillitis |
| The following are s/s of what; 1)enlargement & erythematous tonsils 2)dysphagia 3) pyrexia 4) pustules can develop on the tonsils? | tonsillitis |
| Tonsillitis & lymphadenopathy without rhinorrhea, sneezing, or coughing indicates a what kind of infection? | possible bacterial streptococci |
| The following Tx are for what; 1)gargling with salt water 2) antipyretics (Tylenol) 3) antibiotics (PNC) for strep.? | tonsillitis |
| A tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy is the Tx for what? | chronic tonsillitis |
| The most common type influenza is A&B, and the "Flu" season usually runs from when to when? | Nov. - March |
| The following are s/s for a flu 1)chills 2)pyrexia 3)cough 4)pharyngitis 5)sneezing & rhinorrhea 6)thoracodynia 7)myalgias 8)cephalalgia 9)malaise 10)vomiting and/or diarrhea.how long after contracting the flu are you contagious? | about 24-72 hours after contracting influenza you will become contagious even though you may be asymptomatic |
| These are methods to reduce the risk of contracting what virus? 1)frequent hand washes 2)beware of fomite 3)refrain from touching eyes,nose,mouth 4) proper diet & regular exercise 5)annual immunization | Influenza |
| The "flu" can range in severity from what to what? | mild to life threatening |
| Influenza is particularly serious to ? | 1) very young 2)elderly 3)chronically ill |
| The following is Tx for what? 1)bed rest 2) increase fluid intake 3)anti-pyretics(Motrin) 3)decongestants(Sudafed) 5)antihistamine(Benadryl) 6)antivirals(Tamiflu &Relenza) 7)prophylactic antibiotic therapy for immunocompromised patients | Influenza |
| What does COPD mean? | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
| COPD primarily consists of the following: | 1)chronic bronchitis 2)asthma 3)emphysema |
| Inflammation of the bronchi can be acute and/or chronic is called what? | bronchitis |
| Bronchitis is commonly caused by what respiratory irritants? | 1)air pollution (smoke,allergies) 2)viruses 3) bacteria |
| These are the s/s for what? 1)thoracodynia 2)dyspnea 3)productive cough 4) pyrexia 5)chills | Bronchitis |
| Bronchitis often follows what? | URI |
| Acute Bronchitis is most serious in who? | young children, the chronically ill and elderly because of the complication of pneumonia |
| What is the Tx for Acute Bronchitis? | 1)removal of irritants (smoking) 2)antibiotics for bacterial infections 3)medicated vaporizer(nebulizer) |
| A constriction of the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles causing stenosis and spasm and breathing; especially difficult is exhaling, these are signs of what? | asthma |
| In asthma the bronchial spasm and stenosis cause a characteristic breath sounds (BS) called what? | wheezing (rhonchi) |
| Exacerbation of asthma has been linked to what? | 1) respiratory infection 2) sudden weather changes 3)psychogenic factors ( poorly controlled stress) 4) vigorous exercise 5) hypersensitivity to allergens |
| The exacerbation of asthma has been linked the hypersensitivity to what allergens? | A)dust B)mold C)pollens D)animal dander E)certain fabrics F)cosmetics G)cigarette smoke H)aerosol sprays I)cologne J)various foods k)NSAIDs L)caffeine |
| Asthma is typically triggered by ? | allergies |
| 80% of asthmatic kids and 50% of asthmatic adults have? | allergies |
| 4 million American have asthma , and 15 asthmatics ? | die each day |
| Obese kids have a higher risk of asthma and there there is no cure for asthma but attacks may become less severe with? | age |
| Asthma incidences have also been associated with ultra clean childhood environments and? | sedentary lifestyles |
| The risk of asthma decreases is a child is also , what after birth? | breastfed |
| What is the Tx for asthma? | 1) avoidance of allergens 2)Allergy desensitization 3)corticosteroids 4) bronchodilators (albuterol) 5)Asmanex 6)Symbicort 7) Singulair |
| Asthma cam, be monitored by measuring the maxim amount of air that can be exhaled with a ? | peak flow meter |
| The most sever form of asthma is? | status asthmaticus |
| Status Asthmaticus may end in respiratory failure or death , if? | not treated immediately |
| A common bronchodilator used to treat status asthmaticus is? | epinephrine ( Adrenaline) |
| A disease that is characterized by a progressive irreversible loss of elasticity of the alveoli is what? | emphysema |
| Emphysema is commonly associated with ? | cigarette smoking |
| The following are s/s of what? 1)use of accessory muscles for normal ventilation 2) dyspnea ( especially exhaling) 3) DOE (dyspnea on exertion) ( air hungry)4) easily fatigued 5) rales (crackles heard on auscultation 6)tachypnea 7)cyanosis 8)barrel chest | emphysema |
| emphysema causes the heart to overwork causing? | cardiomegaly and CHF |
| The Dx for emphysema is made form the patients history and? | spirometry |
| The Tx for emphysema is what? | 1) the removal of respiratory irritants 2) bronchodilator meds ( aminophylline) 3) mucolytics (Mucomyst) 4) Spiriva |
| A complication of emphysema is trapped air ion the plural cavities, causing? | a pneumothorax |
| The increased air in the plural cavities put pressure on the lungs and can cause a collapsed lung called? | atelectasis |
| A hemothorax, pyothorax, hydrothorax or spontaneous-(thorax) are all causes of? | atelectasis |
| Acute thoracodynia, dyspnea and tachypnea are s/s of ? | atelectasis |
| What is the Tx for atelectasis? | insertion of a chest tube (pleurocentesis) |
| A chest tube will evacuate (aspirate) the air in the plural cavity and let the lung ? | re-inflate |
| A common chest tube apparatus is? | Pleur-evac |
| An acute inflammation of the lungs with an accumulation of inflammatory exudate(fluid) is what? | pneumonia |
| Pneumonia can be caused by a variety of microorganisms and the inflammatory exudate can be referred to as a? | consolidation |
| These are the s/s of what? 1)thoracodynia 2) pyrexia and chills 3) productive cough 4) dyspnea 5)fatigue | pneumonia |
| There are 4 types of pneumonia, what are they ? | 1) lobar pneumonia 2) bronchopneumonia 3)primary atypical pneumonia 4) secondary pneumonia |
| What is lobar pneumonia and the Tx for it? | Lobar pneumonia is an inflammation of a section and the Tx is antibiotics and pulmonary toilet |
| What is bronchopneumonia and the Tx for it?? | a diffuse infection of the lungs and the Tx is antibiotics and pulmonary toilet |
| What is primary atypical pneumonia and the Tx for it? | a walking pneumonia and may not need medical Tx. |
| What is secondary pneumonia ? | a pneumonia that develops as a secondary disorder form to the diseases that weaken the immune system |
| the most dangerous secondary pneumonia is a complication of influenza , what is the Tx and how is it Dx? | Tx= Tamiflu or Relenza with in t48 hours of the onset of symptom Dx= is confirmed with a CXR and sputum C&S |
| pneumonia is most common with AIDS patients, DM, cancer patients, cirrhosis, alcoholics, elderly, children and post-operative patients, Why? | because of weakened immune systems |
| The return of the lungs to a normal condition is called? | resolution |
| An inflammation of the pleural membranes is called? | pleurisy, (pleuritis) |
| Pleurisy can be a complication of what? | lung disease |
| Sharp stabbing thoracodynia on inspiration and when coughing is a s/s of? | pleurisy |
| What is the Tx for pleurisy? | 1) antibiotics, 2) analgesics ( Vicodin) 3) bed rest |
| What is a bacterial lung infection characterized by necroses of lung tissue ? | TB |
| Untreated Tb can lead spread to the lungs,kidneys,brain or bone.It is transmitted by? | respiratory droplets |
| pyrexia(especially in the afternoon),nocturnal diaphoresis, weight loss, weakness, productive cough,hemoptysis in advances stages are the s/s of? | TB |
| In the early stages TB can be asymptomatic, exposure to TB can be detected by an intradermal skin test called? | ppd,tine or Mantoux |
| The Dx for TB is verified by? | CXR |
| The CXR for Tb will show the standard TB lesion called? | tubercule |
| Tb is a very serous concern for those who are immunocompromised such as: | AIDS patients, homeless and infected immigrants |
| The Tx for TB is ? | anti-tuberculin antibiotic ( INH) qd x 12-12 months |
| Bronchogenic Carcinoma arises in the bronchial tree and is commonly assoc. with? | cigarette smoking and is the most common type of lung cancer |
| persistent cough(smokers cough or hack),dyspnea,hemoptysis, anorexia, weight loss and general weakness are s/s of? | bronchogenic carcinoma ( occurs more often in men) |
| TX for bronchogenic carcinoma ? | surgery, radiation and chemotherapy |
| The lungs re also common secondary sites for metastases for other systems such as: | breast, GI tract,female reproductive system ans kidneys |
| CF is a hereditary disease affecting the lungs & Pancrease for what age people? | young children and young adults |
| What has copious amounts of viscous mucus secretions in the lungs causing chronic ariway obstruction? | most serious manifestation of CF |
| these are s/s of? dyspnea, rhonchi, persistent cough, viscous sputum | CF |
| chronic respiratory infection and atelectasis are complications of? | CF |
| Tx for CF is? | antibiotics and diligent pulmonary toilet |
| What are the parts for a pulmonary toilet? | deep breathing and forceful coughing, percussion and vibration, postural drainage, mucolytics ( Mucomyst) |
| An obstruction of pancreatic ducts prevents secretion of pancreatic enzymes causing? | malnutrition |
| Rick actors for SIDs is: | premature babies, low birth weight babies, multiple deliveries , infants born to teens, smoking and 2nd smoke during pregnancy, poor pre-nate care, STDs during pregnancy, UTI pregnancy |
| SID may be related to decreased serotonin levels in? | the brain |
| The incidence of SIDs can be reduced by 40% if infants are put down lying on their backs instead of? | on their abdomen |
| The incidence of SIDs can be reduced by 72% when infants are in a room with a? | fan |
| ABG | arterial blood gas |
| CXR | x-ray |
| IPPB | intermittent positive pressure breathing |
| CT , CAT | computerized tomography |
| spirometry | process of measuring breathing |
| PFT | pulmonary function test |
| sputum C&S | sputum culture and sensitivity |
| RT(IT) | respiratory therapy (inhalation therapy) |
Created by:
wgolon
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