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Plants
BIO Lab Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plants are multicellular | Photoautotrophs |
| Cell walls composed of | Cellulose and lignin |
| Lignin | Complex carbohydrates that provide protection & support |
| Secondarily Aquatic | Plants that evolved back into an aquatic environment |
| Terrestrial | Living on land |
| What type of protist group are plants evolved from? | Charophytes (green algae) |
| What does charophytes have that plants have as well? | Chlorophyll a and b, cells walls built from cellulose, and store their food as starch |
| What drove plant evolution? | Higher concentration of carbon dioxide than water, access to unfiltered sunlight, no competition, and increased space |
| What are the challenging conditions on land? | Access to moisture, gravity, exposure, finding nutrients and carbon dioxide |
| What challenge did moisture provide? | How to avoid desiccation |
| What challenge did gravity provide? | How to support tissues out of water |
| What challenge did exposure provide? | How to avoid damage from UV light |
| What challenge did nutrients and carbon dioxide provide? | How to secure necessary materials when not surrounded by water |
| How do plants retain moisture? | Plant tissues developed waxy cuticles that minimizes water loss |
| What are the cuticles composed of? | Polysaccharides and various lipids (waxes) |
| What type of mechanical protection do cuticles provide? | Resistance to "pests", and protection from UV radiation |
| What other cells are in a leaf? | Upper epidermis, palisade, spongy, lower epidermis, guard cell, stoma, chloroplast, vacuole, cell wall, and cytoplasm |
| How does the exchange of gas and water occur on a leaf? | Openings called stomata |
| What do roots do? | Absorb nutrients and water, anchors terrestrial plants to the substrate |
| What other access do roots provide? | Access to subterranean resources and increase the surface area through the resources absorbed |
| What tissue did plants evolve? | Vascular tissue |
| What are vascular tissues? | A series of tubes that add supports and allows plants to grow taller |
| What are the functions of the shoot? | Photosynthesis, transport food and water, reproduction, and storage |
| What are the functions of the root system? | Anchorage, absorption of water and minerals, transport of food and water, and reproduction |
| What are the major groups of plants? | Bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms |
| What are bryophytes? | Nonvascular plants |
| What are ferns? | seedless vascular plants |
| What are gymnosperms? | naked-seed plants |
| What are angiosperms? | flowering plants |
| Xylem | Vascular tissue that transports water upward from the roots |
| Phloem | Vascular tissue that transports food downward from the leaves |
| What is the system of xylem cells? | To transport water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves |
| What is the system of phloem cells? | Deliver food molecules from leaves to other parts of the plant |
| Meristems | Plants grow from their tips and edges through tissues collectively |
| What occurs in meristems? | Mitosis |
| Primary growth | growth is skyward and downward |
| Secondary growth | Outward |
| What do root hairs do? | Extremely fine extensions of roots that increase surface area |
Created by:
sillylilly
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