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H.Bio Phylum Test #1
2023 Honors Biology Phylum: Poriferans & Cnidarians Test Review Notes
| Term | Relative Info |
|---|---|
| Digestion takes place in the (?) in cnidarians? | Gastrovascular Cavity (GVS) |
| Long structures surrounding the mouth that are used in obtaining food in cnidarians are (?)? | Tentacles |
| This is what a stinging cell found in cnidarians is called: | Nematocyst |
| What form of a cnidarian is umbrella-shaped? | Medusa |
| This is the only body opening possessed by cnidarians: | Mouth |
| The (?) only have polyp forms. | Anthozoans |
| When do nematocysts discharge? | When the tentacles touch a source of food. |
| Sea anemones belong to which class? | Anthozoa |
| A planula is the larva of the: | Freshwater hydra, Coral polyp, Common jellyfish, Sea anemone. |
| Another name for the members of Phylum Cnidaria is: | Calcareans |
| The nematocysts of the hydra are located on its: | Blastopore |
| How do hydras digest food? | They subdue and draw in their prey using their tentacles, and then engulf their bodies with their mouths. Enzymes in the GVC break them down. |
| Describe fringing coral reefs. | Close to shore,, 2 to 20 miles. |
| Describe atoll coral reefs. | Completely surround islands, forming lagoons. |
| Describe barrier coral reefs. | Farther from shore,, 20 to 200 miles. |
| Hydras have (?) symmetry. | Radial |
| Describe how hydras move by somersaulting. | Hydras fling themselves through the water using their tentacles. |
| Darwin inferred that coral reefs existing in deep water grew on top of: | Ancient coral reefs |
| The jellylike material between the cell layers of a jellyfish is called the: | Mesoglea |
| What term means that an animal is "stuck" on a base and will remain there throughout its life, unless it is physically moved? | Sessile |
| How do sponges feed themselves? | Sponges filter-feed nutrients from the water. |
| What specialized cells "wander" between a sponge's cell layers? | Amoebacytes |
| What does a "wandering amoebacyte" do? | They form gametes, digest food, and move between the two layers of a sponge to transfer nutrients. |
| What is the skeletal support structure of a sponge called, and what is it made of? | Spicules; calcium carbonate. |
| What is the lowest form of animal life? | Sponges |
| How do sponges meet the oxygen requirements that they must have? | Through passing water through their ostia. |
| What is the name of the specific structure where water enters the body of a sponge? | Ostia |
| What is the name of the place where water exits the body of a sponge? | Osculum |
| How many cell layers do sponges have? | Two |
| An (?) is not present in a sponge. | Coelom |
| Bilateral symmetry is shown in a: | Human |
| The (?) form of a cnidarian is umbrella-shaped. | Medusa |
| A (?) is the only body opening possessed by cnidarians. | Mouth |
| The middle body layer of germ cells is called the: | Mesoderm |
| Freshwater's low salt concentration causes what to happen to cells? | Water to diffuse out. |
| A pie has (?) symmetry. | Radial |
| The (?) make up coral reefs. | Anthozoans |
| In sexual reproduction, a sponge: | Does not fertilize its own eggs. |
| Nematocysts discharge when: | Tentacles touch a source of food. |
| Digestion takes place in the (?) in cnidarians. | Gastrovascular Cavity (GVS) |
| A (?) produces both eggs and sperm withing the same animal. | Hermaphrodite |
| The (?) have only a polyp form. | Anthozoans |
| What can a sponge do even though it's sessile? | Feed |
| Where are most cnidarians found? | In the ocean. |
| The (?) form of a cnidarian is free-swimming. | Medusa |
| A (?) takes the place of a nervous system in cnidarians. | Nerve net |
| Most sponges have (?) as their form of symmetry. | Asymmetry |
| A (?) is a stinging cell found in cnidarians. | Cnidocyte |
| A large opening at the top of a sponge is called a: | Osculum |
| The two body plans of cnidarians are the (?) and the (?). | Polyp; Medusa |
| The phylum of jellyfish. | Cnidaria |
| Type of body form of a hydra. | Polyp |
| Type of body forms for a Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish. | Polyp and Medusa |
| What are the stinging cells of phylum Cnidaria called? | Nematocysts |
| Where are nematocysts located? | Tentacles |
| Are cnidarians cephalized? | No, as they neither have a head nor a brain. |
| What structures assist in the balance of a jellyfish? | Statocysis |
| What is the most dangerous and deadly invertabrate? | Irukandji |
| What are the "eyespots" of cnidarians called? | Ocelli |
| Where does digestion occur in cnidarians? | Gastrovascular Cavity (GVS) |
| How does a hydra obtain its food? | They sting their prey with their cnidocysts and then engulf them. |
| What is the class of sea anemones? | Anthozoa |
| What is the class of hydras? | Hydrozoa |
| What is the class of true jellyfish and Sea Wasps? | Scyphozoa |
| What is the little fish called that shares a mutualistic relationship with the Portuguese Man-of-War? | Nomeus |
| Only dead coral are (?). | Chalk white. |
| Coral polyps can only grow as far as (?) penetrates the water, which is often (?) feet. | Light; 50 to 70 |
| Coral polyps cannot grow beyond (?) feet. | 180 |
| What type of marine life can be found in the Great Barrier Reef? | Colorful and diverse organisms, albeit often dangerous. |
| What is the largest structure ever created by man or animal? | The Great Barrier Reef. |
| How was the Great Barrier Reef created? | Skeletal deposits from polyps built up and eventually formed the reefs. |
| What should a person wear when exploring the Great Barrier Reefs and why? | Protective clothing (ex. jeans/shoes) as the coral will hurt if you get scarred or scratched. |
| The jellylike material between the cell layers of a jellyfish are called the: | Mesoglea |
| Darwin inferred that coral reefs existing in deep water grew on top of: | Ancient coral reefs |
| The hydra belongs to Kingdom (?) and Phylum (?). | Animalia; Cnidaria. |
| What are cnidocytes? | Stinging cells found in a hydra's tentacles. |
| Where do hydras live? | Typically in freshwater areas. |
| What two other organisms are closely related to the hydra? | The Sea Anemone and Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish. |
| The hydra and Portuguese Man-of-War are in what class? | Class Hydrozoa |
| What is the scientific name of the Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish? | Physalia Physalis |
| What type of organism is Physalia Physalis? | Colonial; pnuematophore (float), dactylazoids (stinging cells), gastrazoids (feeding polyps), gonazoids (reproduction) |
| What are the common dimensions of the Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish? | 8 to 12 inches wide; upto 60 feet long. |
| What was the previous name of phylum Cnidaria? | Phylum Coelenterata |
| Describe phylum Cnidaria. | 3 cell layers, 2 body plans, 1 opening. |
| Describe class Anthozoa. | Only has polyps. |
| What 3 types of reef structures are there? | Fringe/Marginal, Atoll, Barrier |
| What are reef structures made of? | CaCo3 skeletal deposits. |
| Where is the Great Barrier Reef located? | On the northeast coast of Australia. |
| The Great Barrier Reef is (?) miles long and (?) square miles. | 1250; 80,000 |
| What type of relationship do coral polyps have with green algae. | Mutualistic; coral polyps house the algae while the algae supplies them with oxygen. |
| Describe class Scyphozoa. | Only has medusas. |
| What organisms are a part of class Scyphozoa? | True jellyfish and sea nettles. |
| Sea Wasp jellyfish and Irukandji are a part of the (?) family. | Box Jellyfish |
| What organisms are a part of phylum Ctenophora? | Comb jellies |
| What is the smallest phylum? | Phylum Ctenophora |
| What is Adolph's Meat Tenderizer made of? | Papaya plant |
| What does Adolph's Meat Tenderizer do? | Neutralizes the pain of the sting of a minor jellyfish. |
| Who swam from Miami to Cuba? | Diana Nyad |
| What phylum are sponges in? | Phylum Porifera |
| What organisms are in phylum Porifera? | Sponges |
| Do organisms in phylum Porifera have nervous tissue? | No |
| How many cell layers do organisms in phylum Porifera have? | Two |
| Does phylum Cnidaria have nervous tissue? | A little bit |
| How many cell layers do organisms in phylum Cnidaria have? | Three |
| What is the relationship between cnidocytes and nematocysts? | Cnidocytes are the stinging cells that the nematocysts are coiled in. |
| What purpose do gonazoids serve in the Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish? | They control reproduction. |
| What are the three classes of phylum Cnidaria? | Hydrozoa, Anthozoa, Scyphozoa |
| What is the concentration of tissue at the anterior dorsal? | Cephalization |
| Explain dorsal vs. ventral. (Human ref.) | Dorsal would be the back (behind shoulders) while ventral would be the front (stomach). |
| Explain posterior vs. anterior. (Human ref.) | Posterior would be the top (above waist/abdomen) while anterior would be the bottom (legs). |
| What is known as the larva of cnidarians? | Planula |
| What purpose do pnuematophore serve in the Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish? | They keep them afloat. |
| What purpose do dactylazoids serve in the Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish? | They sting prey and enemies. |
| What purpose do gastrazoids serve in the Portuguese Man-of-War jellyfish? | They are the feeding polyps. |
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