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WAHS TAKS Science #3
*WAHS TAKS Science: Earth & Elements
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | states of energy on earth, including solid, liquid, and gas |
| Fluids | matter that flows, takes the shape of its container |
| Viscosity | a fluid’s resistance to flow; high |
| Buoyancy | the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it |
| Density | the mass per unit volume; depends on temperature, warmer |
| Permeability | the rate of flow of a liquid or gas through a porous material |
| Infiltration (water) | the process of water entering the soil |
| Pressure | force exerted per unit area; related to particles and their motion; warmer means more pressure |
| Mass | the amount of matter in an object |
| Volume | the amount of space occupied by an object |
| Polarity | the imbalance of charges in a molecule |
| Ions | a charged particle with an imbalance between electrons and protons |
| Base | a substance that forms hydroxide ions in a water solution; slippery, cleansers |
| Acid | a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution; sour, corrosive |
| Acidity | how well or poorly a compound ionizes (separates into ions) when dissolved in water |
| Element | pure chemical substances |
| Bonding | when elements share electrons to form compounds |
| Compounds | when two or more elements combine chemically |
| Mixtures | material made up of two or more pure substances |
| Single-Displacement Reaction | when an element or ion moves out of one compound and into another |
| Ion Concentration | the number of ions present when an ionic compound dissolves in water, it dissociates, and ions form |
| pH levels | the measure of hydronium ions in a solution, from 0 – 14, with 0 being highly acidic, and 14 being highly basic |
| Electrolytic Behavior | compounds that break down into ions in water, and can conduct electricity |
| Chemical Stability | a complete outer level of electrons (two or eight/octet) |
| Valence | outer layer of electrons, determines chemical properties of an atom |
| Covalence | the ability of an element to bond with other elements by sharing electrons across a bond |
| Electron Configuration | the arrangement of electrons around a proton/neutron nucleus |
| Periodic Table | list of chemical elements; based on patterns of atomic mass |
| Periodic Table - First column | mainly soft metals that react readily with other elements |
| Periodic Table - Last Column | gases that do NOT react readily with other elements |
| Physical Changes | the identity of the material does not change, only the state/form does |
| Chemical Changes | the identity of the material does change chemically; such as energy change, color or odor change, or released gas |
| Chemical Equations | substances going into a reaction (reactants) must equal/balance substances produced by the reaction (products) |
| Balanced Coefficient Ratio | the numbers written BEFORE the elements in a chemical equation; both sides need to be balanced in element quantity |
| Phase Changes of Matter | solids, liquids, and gases |
| Water as Universal Solvent | it dissolves more materials than most other solvents due to polarity (molecule charge imbalance) |
| Reactivity | chemical reactions occurring when particle collisions take place |
| Nature of Solute and Solvent | the content of molecules that determine how they dissolve |
| Solubility | the amount of solute at a specific temperature and pressure |
| Solute | the substance that is dissolved in another substance |
| Rock Cycle Stages | the 3 phases of rock formation (Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary) |
| Igneous | rocks formed mainly by heat |
| Metamorphic | rocks formed mainly by pressure |
| Sedimentary | rocks formed mainly by deposits and erosion |
Created by:
macespace
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