Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO EXAM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Artificial Selection? | process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits |
| What is Natural Selection? | process by which nature determines the favorable traits for the environment at that time |
| What is Variation? | differences that exist within a population that can make an organism more or less fit for the environment |
| What is Overproduction? | more offspring produced than survive |
| What is descent with modification? | natural selection results in species with adaptations that are well suited for survival so overtime adaptation appears more within the population |
| What is fitness? | measure of the ability to survive and reproduce more offspring than the other members of the same population in a given environment |
| How do new traits occur? | through genetic mutations |
| Homologous structures are structures that are what? | similar in form or shape across different species of animals but perform different functions; offers strong evidence of common ancestry |
| What are analogous structures? | structures found in different species that have the same function but did not evolve from a common ancestor |
| What is convergent evolution? | evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species; causes analogous structures |
| What is divergent evolution? | evolution towards different characteristics in closely related species |
| What is coevolution? | the process in which two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| What is gradualism? | when species evolve slowly |
| What is punctuated equilibrium? | long periods of little change in a species followed by sudden change |
| What is adaptive radiation? | the diversification of one ancestral species into many descendant species |
| What does embryonic development refer to? | development in the uterus |
| What is a vestigial structure? | structure of organs that seemed to lack any useful function or at least no longer used for their original purpose |
| What is recombination? | the combining of genes from different sources such as reproduction or meiosis |
| What is normal distribution? | type of distribution in which the frequency is the highest near the middle value and decreases towards either extreme end of the range |
| What is microevolution? | the observable change in the allele frequencies of a population and occurs on a small scale within a single population |
| What is directional selection? | phenotype type at one extreme of the trait's range is favored |
| What is stabilizing selection? | the intermediate phenotype is favored and becomes more common in a population |
| What is distributive selection? | when both extremes are favored while the intermediate phenotype is selected against |
| What is speciation? | the creation of a new species |
| What is background extinction? | extinction that happens continuously at a very low rate |
| What is mass extension? | extinction that destroys many species at once; very rare |
| What is reproduction isolation? | when members of different populations can no longer mate successfully |
| What is behavioral isolation? | differences in courtship or mating behaviors |
| What is geographic isolation? | when physical barriers divide a population into 2 or more groups |
| What is temporal isolation? | when timing prevents reproduction between populations |
| How are genus and species names typed? | they are italicized |
| How are genus and species names written? | they are underlined |
| The genus name is always what? | capitalized |
| The species name is always what? | lowercase |
| What is the broadest classification group? | domain |
| What is the most specific classification group? | species |
| What are the classification groups in order? | domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| What is the classification mnemonic? | king Philip came over for grape soda |
| What is phylogeny? | evolutionary history of a species or taxonomic group |
| What is a phylogenetic tree? | used to visually represent phylogenetic relationships |
| How is speciation represented on a phylogenetic tree? | through the branching |
| Where is the common ancestor shown on a phylogenetic tree? | at the trunk |
| What is a cladogram? | a map of the evolutionary history of an organism based on a shared derived character |
| Ecology | study of relationships among organisms and their environments |
| Ecosystem | level of organization that includes all community members and abiotic factors surrounding the community |
| Biome | level of organization that includes multiple ecosystems with similar characteristics but different locations on the planet |
| Biosphere | level of organization that includes all biotic and abiotic factors of the planet |
| Community | level of organization that includes multiple populations of a different species that live together |
| Population | level of organization that includes multiple individuals of the same species that live together |
| Organism | level of organization that includes only one member of a species or population |
| Abiotic | term used to describe non-living things |
| Biotic | term used to describe all living things |
| Habitat | an organism's physical environment that includes all of its abiotic and biotic resources |
| Consumer/Heterotroph | an organism that takes in/consumes other organisms for energy |
| Producer/Autotroph | an organism that makes its own food |
| Herbivore | an organism that consumes plants |
| Omnivore | an organism that consumes plants and animals |
| Carnivore | an organism that consumes animals |
| Niche | the role an organism plays in the environment it lives in |
| Decomposer | an organism that breaks down dead and decaying organisms for energy |
| Predator | organism that hunts or kills another for food |
| Prey | organism that is killed or consumed as food |
| Predation | relationship in which one organism kills or hunts for food |
| Competition | relationship that exists between two or more organisms that are fighting for the same limited resource |
| Commensalism | relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected |
| Mutualism | relationship in which both organisms benefit |
| Parasitism | relationship in which one organism benefits and other is harmed |
| Symbiosis | any interaction involving a close, physical, long-term relationship between two species |
| What is the base unit of DNA? | nucleotides |
| What are the 3 parts of nucleotides? | sugar, phosphate, and 1 of 4 nitrogen bases |
| What are the DNA base pairing rules? | Adenine with Thymine and Cytosine with Guaine |
| What is replication? | Replication is the process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle; it occurs in the nucleus |
| RNA is made from DNA during the process of what? | transcription |
| Describe the structure of DNA. | double stranded, located in the nucleus, bases are ATCG, sugar is deoxyribose, and it contains protein building instructions |
| Describe the structure of RNA. | single stranded, located in the nucleus and cytoplasm, bases are AUCG, sugar is ribose, and it carries protein building instructions from the nucleus |
| What do DNA and RNA have in common? | Both are made of nucleotides, both are nucleic acids and both have sugar and phosphate backbones |
| What is transcription? | the start of protein synthesis; it converts DNA into mRNA in the nucleus |
| Describe the process of translation. | it converts mRNA into a protein with the help of tRNA; this occurs on the ribosomes in cells |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | intermediate message that is translated to form a protein |
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | forms parts of ribosomes which are cells' protein factories |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make a growing protein |
| What do you call a group of 3 bases? | a codon |
| What are the 2 special types of codons called? | start and stop codons |
| Point mutation | affects only one nucleotide |
| Frameshift mutation | changes the way the codons are read |
| Nonsense mutation | changes amino acid to a stop codeon |
| Missense mutation | changes the nucleotide but the protein may still work like normal |
| Silent mutation | mutation that has no effect on the amino acid or the resulting protein |
| What travels through a food chain or web? | energy |
| What do food chains start with? | a primary energy source |
| What type of organism is always the first organism in a food chain? | Autotrophs/primary producers |
| What is the order of consumers in a food chain? | primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and quaternary consumers |
| What is a network of food chains called? | a food web |
| What is a trophic level? | the position an organism holds in a food chain |
| Each trophic level has about how much less energy? | 10% less energy |
Created by:
tbyrd3428
Popular Biology sets