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WAHS TAKS Science #2
*WAHS TAKS Science: People & Organisms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Circulatory | heart and network that carries blood for oxygen and nutrients |
| Digestive | stomach and organs that digest and transport nutrients |
| Nervous | brain, spine, and nerves for central control of body |
| Endocrine | glands, for metabolism, growth, and internal balance |
| Reproductive | organs/glands for producing new life |
| Integumentary | skin and hair for protection and temperature control |
| Skeletal | bones, the framework of the body |
| Respiratory | lungs and organs that supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide |
| Muscular | muscles, for body and organ motion |
| Excretory | organs that remove waste products from the body |
| Immune | aka lymphatic system, protects body from infection |
| Anatomy | the science of the structure of living organisms |
| Physiology | the science of the functions within living organisms |
| Embryology | the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms |
| Phylogeny | the study of the evolutionary history of a species |
| Taxonomy | the classification of organism into groups |
| Taxonomic Ranks | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. |
| Autotrophic | an organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy |
| Heterotrophic | an organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition |
| Omnivores | eat both plants and animal flesh |
| Herbivores | plant eaters |
| Carnivores | flesh eaters |
| Xylem (for water) & phloem (for food) | the plant plumbing system |
| Spores | seeds, provide protective shell for gametes |
| Gametes | sex cells (egg/sperm, embryo/zygote) |
| Roots | absorb water and minerals, anchor the plant |
| Stems | support framework for leaves and branches, transport nutrients and water throughout the plant |
| Cones & fruit | carry seeds |
| Glucose/Dextrose | blood sugar, from plant sap and fruit |
| Sucrose | common table sugar, from juice, fruit, and roots |
| Fructose | found in honey, fruit, and green plants like corn |
| Lactose | found in milk |
| Galactose | milk and yogurt |
| Maltose | starch, found in beer and malt |
| Nutrients | a substance that provides nourishment for growth or metabolism |
| Nutrient sources | plants absorb nutrients from the soil (minerals/inorganics), and animals obtain nutrients from ingested foods |
| Metabolism | chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life; provide energy for sustaining life and growth |
| Anabolism | the breakdown of substances for the storage of energy |
| Catabolism | the metabolic process that breaks down substances for the release of energy |
| Trophic Levels | the feeding levels of living organisms (Producers/Consumers/Decomposers) |
| Trophic Energy Transfers | only 10% of energy transfers through each food chain level, the rest is lost as heat |
| Food Chains | the line of energy through links in a food chain, or trophic levels |
| Food Webs | the interconnected feeding relationships between organisms |
| Food Pyramids | the food energy available at each trophic level |
| Ecosystem | interactive cyclical environment |
| Abiotic | non-living parts of an ecosystem– temperature, soil, weather |
| Biotic | living organisms in an ecosystem |
| Ecosystem Interaction Cycles | Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus |
| Biomass | a measure of the total dry mass of the organisms in an ecosystem |
| Predation | those organisms who consume (prey on) others, killing them before eating |
| Parasitism | those organism who consume others while the ‘host’ is still alive |
| Commensalism | symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species in which one derives some benefit while the other is unaffected |
| Mutualism | association between organisms of two different species in which each member benefits |
| Migration | movement of organisms, usually for survival purposes |
| Extinction | the elimination of a specific group of organisms |
| Speciation | evolutionary formation of new biological species, usually by the division of a single species into two or more genetically distinct ones |
| Diversity | genetic changes to an organism for the purpose of adaptation or survival |
| Adaptation | anatomy, physiology or behavior changes that help organisms survive |
| Behavior | anything an animal does in response to a stimulus in the environment |
| Fossils | remains of once-living things preserved in earth’s rocks (usually sedimentary) |
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