Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
LHS AP Bio 1
LHS AP Bio Biochemistry Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ionic bonds | bonds when electrons are transferred; typically between metals and nonmetals |
| Covalent bonds | bonds that form when electrons are shared; typically between nonmetals |
| Nonpolar covalent bonds | bonds that form when electrons are shared equally |
| Hydrogen bonds | positively charged hydrogen atom in one covalent molecule is attracted to a negatively charged area of another |
| Hydrophobic | nonpolar covalent substances that do not dissolve in water; “water fearing” |
| Hydrophillic | polar substances; “water loving” |
| Heat capacity | the degree to which a substance changes temperature in response to a gain or loss of heat |
| Cohesion | the attraction between like substances |
| Adhesion | the attraction of unlike substances |
| capillary action | when water adheres to the walls of narrow tubing or to absorbent solids like paper |
| Organic molecules | have carbon atoms |
| Macromolecules | consist of hundreds or thousands of atoms |
| Polymer | a single unit repeated many times |
| Monomer | a single unit |
| monosaccharide | a single sugar molecule |
| disaccharide | two sugar molecules joined by a glycosidic linkage |
| dehydration synthesis | The chemical process by which a molecule of water is removed from the reactants to join the reactants together |
| polysaccharide | a series of connected monosaccharides |
| Starch | a polymer of alpha glucose molecules produced by plants |
| Glycogen | a polymer of alpha glucose molecules; energy storage molecule in animal cells. |
| Cellulose | a polymer of beta glucose molecules; structural molecule in the walls of plant cells |
| Chitin | polymer of beta glucose molecules with nitrogen |
| Triglycerides | fats and oils, they consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule |
| saturated fatty acid | has a single covalent bond between each pair of carbon atoms |
| monounsaturated fatty acid | has one double covalent bond |
| polyunsaturated fatty acid | two or more double covalent bonds |
| phospholipid | a lipid except that has one of the fatty acid chains replaced by a phosphate group |
| amphipathic molecule | has both polar (hydrophilic) and nonpolar (hydrophobic) regions |
| Steroids | have a backbone of four linked carbon rings. Ex. cholesterol and certain hormones |
| Enzymes | globular proteins that act as catalysts for metabolic reactions |
| Defensive proteins | provide protection against foreign substances that enter the bodies of animals |
| Transport proteins | transport materials into and out of cells |
| amino acids | monomers of proteins, consist of an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and a functional group |
| primary structure | the sequence of amino acids in a protein |
| secondary structure | hydrogen bonding produces a alpha helix and beta pleated sheet |
| tertiary structure | 3D shaping due to interactions between functional groups |
| quaternary structure | structure of a protein assembled from two or more separate peptide chains |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, a polymer of nucleic acids |
| Nucleotide | consists of three parts: a nitrogen base, a five |
| Adenine | a double ring base (purine) |
| Thymine | a single ring base (pyrimidine) |
| Cytosine | a single ring base (pyrimidine) |
| Guanine | a double ring base (purine) |
| Pyrimidines | single ring nitrogenous base |
| Purines | double ring nitrogenous base |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| Uracil | single ring base (pyrimidine) |
| activation energy | energy required to trigger the formation of new bonds |
| catalyst | accelerates the rate of the reaction by lowering the activation energy |
| metabolism | Chemical reactions that occur in biological systems |
| catabolism | the breakdown of substances |
| anabolism | the formation of new products (synthesis) |
| substrate | the substance or substances upon which the enzyme acts |
| induced fit model | The active site binds to the substrate, causes the enzyme to change shape which results in a change in substrate |
| Cofactors | nonprotein molecules that assist enzymes |
| Coenzymes | organic cofactors that usually function to donate or accept some component of a reaction. |
| Inorganic cofactors | often metal ions, like Fe2+ and Mg2+ |
| ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) a common source of energy for metabolism, basically an adenine and 3 phosphate groups |
| Phosphorylation | when a molecule combines with a phosphate group using energy |
| Allosteric enzymes | have two kinds of binding sites; one an active site for the substrate and one for an allosteric effector. |
| allosteric activator | binds to the enzyme and induces the enzyme’s active form |
| allosteric inhibitor | binds to the enzyme and induces the enzyme’s inactive form |
| feedback inhibition | an end product acts as an allosteric inhibitor, shutting down one of the enzymes |
| competitive inhibition | mimics the substrate occupies the active site and prevents the enzyme from catalyzing the substrate |
Created by:
delozierr
Popular Biology sets