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Sci 7
Structures and forces
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Structure | any structure that provides support |
| Structure strength | the capacity of a structure to support both the load of its own materials plus any additional load applied to it |
| Structure stability | the ability of a structure to maintain its position even when it’s being acted on by forces; being balanced, difficult to topple over |
| Force | a push or a pull that tends to cause an object to change it movement or shape; force is measured in newtons law; (ex) of force would be pushing a scooter |
| Solid Structure | structure made of a solid piece (, or solid combination of pieces) of strong material; (ex) a cement pad, it has little or no shape inside |
| Frame Structure | structure consisting of a rigid arrangement of parts joined together; (ex) a skeleton |
| Shell Structure | structure with a solid outer surface (which may be rounded or flat in shape) and a hollow inner area; (ex) a Styrofoam cup |
| Combination structure | two are using or more of the three types to improve on its function |
| Function | : the use or purpose of a structure; for (Ex) the function of a thermos is to keep a drink cool on a hot day |
| Inukshuk: | a stone marker built by Inuit to mark hunting grounds or food cashes |
| Aesthetics: | a pleasing appearance or effect that an object has because of its design |
| Stonehenge: | a prehistoric monument, the ancient monument on the south berry plane of England |
| tpoic two | topic two |
| Newton: | : unit for measuring force; 1N equals the amount of needed to hold up a mass of 100g (1N = 100g) |
| Mass: | amount of mater in an object (usually measured in grams and kilograms) |
| External force | : force applied to an object by something else; for (ex), a person sitting o a chair |
| Center of gravity | imaginary point in an object were downward force of gravity acts; for (ex) point at which a ruler is balanced on your finger |
| Symmetry: | : balanced arrangement of mass on opposite side of a line or plane, or around a center axis |
| Load | : external force acting on an object; load can be measured by weight |
| Static load: | always there (include materials that make up that structure) (ex) bridge materials |
| Dynamic load | moving or changing force acting on an object; for (ex) downward force of cars moving over the bridge |
| Beam bridge: | most common (flat bridge supported at each end) (longer ones may have piers) or vertical supports |
| Truss bridge: | bridge supported by triangular shape supports (trusses) |
| Suspension bridge | : bridge having its own roadway hung from large cables supported between tall towers |
| Arch bridge | heavy duty bridge made of stone or wood formed into an arch shape |
| Performance requirements | conditions that a structure, once it is build and in operation, must meet to show it is performing to certain standards |
| Internal force | force applied by a part of a structure on another of that same structure |
| Compressions | force that acts to squeeze an object or push parts within an object together |
| Tension | force that stretches and pulls apart and object |
| Shear | force that acts to push parts that are in contact with each other in opposite direction (ex) tearing paper apart |
| Complementary forces | 2 or more forces acting on an object at the same time (ex) bending iron – tension and compression work to bend the iron |
| I – beam | beam that has a cross – section in the shape of an I to reduce the mass but not strength; for (ex) types of a rod |
| Girder: | long structure in the form of a hollow rectangular prism; (also known as a box beam) and plus a box beam – hollow in the centre (end |
| Truss | framework of beams joined together usually in a triangle shape for (ex) the force of an elastic being pulled |
| Cantilever: | structure that is supported at only on end or point; for (ex), as found in a cantilever bridge, such as stoney trail bridge |
| Column: | solid upright support structure in the shape of a cylinder ( a vertical beam) |
| Structure stress: | occurs when external force and internal force act on a structure and gradually weaken it |
| Structure fatigue | permanent change to structure due to internal forces |
| Structure failure | can no longer stand up to stress and collapses |
| tpoic three | topic three |
| Deformation | a change of a shape in any structural component, or in the structure itself because the force is resists the force acting on it |
| Flexibility: | a force of one surface acting across another |
| Joint | where 2 or more parts are connected |
| Fixed joint: | parts connected but won’t move |
| Movable joint | parts connected and have flexibility |
| topic four | topic four |
| Margin of saftey | parts connected and have flexibility |
| Corrugation: | forming material into a wave like shape to strengthen it |
| Lamination: | gluing layers together to strengthen a material |
| Titanium: | a strong light weight, corrosion-resistant slivery metallic element |
Created by:
tweety18
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