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Blood 101
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Liters of blood in an individual | 4-6 liters |
| Total blood volume of formed elements in the human body | 38-48% |
| Percentage of water in plasma | 91% |
| Elements carried in blood plasma | Hormones, urea, creatinine, glucose, amino acids, and minerals |
| List the plasma proteins | Albumin, prothrombin, fibrinogen & alpha and beta globulins (all synthesized by the liver) |
| pH of blood | 7.35-7.45 (slightly alkaline) |
| Blood cells are produced in what type of tissue | Stem cells in hemopoietic tissue |
| Lymphatic tissue is found and mature where | spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus gland |
| Another way to measure the amount of RBCs | Hematocrit |
| Where are RBCs formed | flat bones and Red Bone Marrow (RBM) |
| Hypoxia stimulates the kidneys to secrete which hormone | Erythropoietin (which stimulates production of RBCs) |
| What are reticulocytes? | Fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum |
| 2 Vitamins required for DNA synthesis in RBM | Folic acid & B12 |
| What is the extrinsic factor? | Vitamin B12 (Obtained from food source) |
| Where is the intrinsic factor produced? | Parietal cells of the stomach |
| Why are the extrinsic and intrinsic factors important? | They combine to prevent digestion and promote absorption in the small intestine. |
| Pernicious Anemia | Deficiency of either the extrinsic or intrinsic factor |
| Organs that contain macrophages | Liver, Spleen, and RBM |
| Portion of RBC that is recycled | Iron & Globin/Protein portion |
| Portion of RBC converted to bilirubin | Heme |
| How is bilirubin removed from the body | The liver removes it from circulation and excretes it into bile and is eliminated through in the feces. |
| Jaundice | Yellowing of skin and eyes due to improper excretion of bilirubin (mostly due to liver disease) |
| Granular Leukocytes | Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils (nuclei in two or more lobes) |
| Agranular Leukocytes | Lymphocytes & Monocytes |
| WBC capable of phagocytosis | Neutrophils & Monocytes |
| Capable of phagocytizing dead or damaged tissue | Monocytes |
| Contain granules of heparin and histamine | Basophils |
| High WBC count | Leukocytosis (indication of infection) |
| Low WBC count | Leukopenia |
| Malignancy of leukocyte-forming tissues | Leukemia |
| Thrombocytes | Platelets |
| Platelets release what to cause vasoconstriction | Serotonin |
| Have not smooth muscle and cannot constrict at all | Capillaries |
| Necessary for the liver to synthesize prothrombin and Factors 7, 9, and 10 | Vitamin K (mostly produced by the bacteria that live in the colon) |
Created by:
jlittle7763
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