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MAAP Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Order of the relationship of chromosomes, DNA, genes. | genes-DNA-Chromosomes |
| How many daughter cells does MITOSIS produce? | 2 |
| What do the daughter cells of MITOSIS look like compared to parent cell and each other? different or identical | identical |
| What type of reproduction is MITOSIS? sexual or asexual | asexual |
| What type of cells undergo MITOSIS? body or sex cells | body cells |
| What is another name for body cells? | somatic cells |
| What are the steps in order for MITOSIS? | PMAT Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
| What happens in Prophase? | Chromosomes condense and become visible |
| What happens in Metaphase? | Chromosomes line up in the MIDDLE |
| What happens in Anaphase? | Chromosomes get pulled APART/AWAY to opposite ends of the cell |
| What happens in Telophase? | TWO new nuclei are formed |
| What happens in Cytokinesis? | Completely breaks apart into 2 new cells; Cytoplasm splits in two |
| What are 3 types of asexual reproduction? | binary fission, fragmentation, budding |
| What are the ADVANTAGES of asexual reproduction? | faster, no mate required, less energy, more offspring |
| What is the DISADVANTAGE of asexual reproduction? | Identical; no genetic variety |
| How many daughter cells are produced in MEIOSIS? | 4 |
| What do the daughter cells of MEIOSIS look like compared to parent cell and each other? different or identical | different |
| What type of reproduction is MEIOSIS? sexual or asexual | sexual |
| What type of cells undergo MEIOSIS? body cells or sex cells | sex cells |
| What are some other terms for sex cells? | gametes, germ cells, reproductive cells |
| What are our reproductive cells in men and women? | egg and sperm |
| How many times does MEIOSIS go through PMAT? | twice |
| What is the special pair of chromosomes called that is only found in MEIOSIS? | homologous pair |
| What happens in MEIOSIS that creates genetic diversity? | crossing over, independent assortment |
| What phase of MEIOSIS does crossing over happen? | Prophase 1 |
| What type of reproduction is MEIOSIS? sexual or asexual | sexual |
| What is the advantage of sexual reproduction? | genetic diversity |
| What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction? | more energy, requires mate, slower, less offspring |
| Are body cells haploid or diploid? | diploid |
| What does diploid mean? | full number of chromosomes |
| Are sex cells diploid or haploid? | haploid |
| What does haploid mean? | 1/2 the number of chromosomes (1/2 from mom (egg) 1/2 from dad (sperm) |
| Who is the father of genetics? | Gregor Mendel |
| What is the tool/chart called that we use to predict the possible outcome of offspring? | punnett square |
| What do we use to represent a DOMINANT trait? | Capital letter |
| What do we use to represent a RECESSIVE trait? | lowercase letter |
| What is phenotype? Hint: PH | physical appearance, what looks like, what we physically see |
| What is genotype? Hint: gen | actual genes; actual letters |
| What does homozygous mean? | same example:(BB, bb) |
| What is another term used for homozygous? | purebred/pure |
| What does heterozygous mean? | different example:(Bb) |
| What is another term used for heterozygous? | hybrid |
| What scientist is known for his work in Evolution and Natural Selection? | Charles Darwin |
| What is natural selection? | ability to adapt to environment in order to survive and reproduce |
| What does "survival of the fittest" mean? | the organisms that have favorable traits that allow them to adapt to an environment will be the ones that survive and reproduce |
| What is speciation? | species is separated geographically and they evolve and adapt into a totally new species. They can no longer reproduce with other species |
| Why is camouflaging important? | protection/survival |
| What are homologous structures? | structures that are similar; means the organisms have a common ancestor |
| What are analogous structures? | means the function is the same; no common ancestor |
| What causes the tectonic plates to move? | convection currents |
| What drives a convection current? | Heat from magma rises; cools and then falls |
| What layer of earth are convection currents found? | Upper part of MANTLE (asthenosphere) |
| How do plates move at a DIVERGENT plate boundary? | Apart/away for one another |
| What landform is found at a DIVERGENT boundary? | mid ocean ridge; rift valley |
| How do plates move at a CONVERGENT plate boundary? | toward each other; collide |
| What landforms are formed at a CONVERGENT boundary between CONTINENTAL-CONTINENTAL. | mountains; crust are same density |
| What happens at a CONVERGENT boundary between CONTINENTAL-OCEANIC? | subduction; Oceanic more dense; goes under Continental |
| What is formed at a CONTINENTAL-OCEANIC convergent boundary subduction zone? | trench |
| What are constructive processes? | process that BUILDS up features of Earth |
| What are destructive processes? | process the BREAKS DOWN features of Earth |
| What scientist is known for Continental Drift? | Alfred Wegener |
| What was the name of the supercontinent? | Pangea |
| What evidence did Wegener have to prove that Pangea once existed? | continents fit together like puzzle pieces, similar Rock/mountain patterns on each coastlines, same fossils found on coastlines |
| Why didn't the scientific community accept Wegener's theory? | He could NOT explain why or how the continents moves |
| What scientist came along after Wegener to explain the how and why? | Harry Hess |
| What did Harry Hess discover on the ocean floor while on the Navy ship using sonar? | Mid ocean ridge |
| What process did Harry Hess discover that explained why and how the continents move? | Seafloor Spreading |
| What happens during seafloor spreading? | magma rises through ridge; cools and forms new crust |
| Crust farthest from the ridge? younger or older | older |
| Crust closest to the ridge? younger or older | younger |
| What are the 3 types of rocks formed in the rock cycle? | sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic |
| How is sedimentary rock formed? | weathering and erosion break rock down into sediments; sediments are compacted and cemented together |
| How are metamorphic rocks formed? | heat/pressure |
| How are igneous rocks formed? | magma cools |
| What is melted/molten rock called? | magma |
| What type of igneous rock is found INSIDE/BELOW Earth's surface? | intrusive |
| What type of igneous rock is found ON TOP the Earth's surface? | extrusive |
| What type of rock are fossils found in? | sedimentary |
| What is the purpose of an INDEX fossil? | to tell the age of a rock |
| What are the requirements to be considered an index fossil? | unique, short lived, widespread |
| Name 2 common index fossils. | trilobite, ammonite |
| What is the difference between relative age and absolute age? | relative: tells if rock is older or younger absolute: tells exact age of rock |
| Which rock layer is the youngest? bottom or top | top |
| Which rock layer is the oldest? bottom or top | bottom |
| When intrusion cut through rock layers, are they younger or older than the rock they cut through? | younger |
| How is soil formed? | weathering |
| What is physical weathering? | substance breaks down into smaller pieces, does NOT change into new substance |
| What is chemical weathering? | changes into new substance |
| What is surface water? | rain/lakes/rivers/streams |
| What is groundwater? | Water underneath the surface; in the ground |
| What is infiltration? | Water soaks into the ground |
| What does IMPERMEABLE mean? | stops things from soaking through |
| What does PERMEABLE mean? | allows thing to soak through |
| What is runoff? | water runs downstream/down to a lower elevation and causes erosion/breaking down |
| List RENEWABLE resources. | Wind, water (hydro), solar (sun), biomass, geothermal |
| List NONRENEWABLE resources | fossil fuels (oil, coal, natural gas), nuclear |
| What do waves transfer? | energy NOT matter |
| What is the top of a wave called? | crest |
| What is the bottom of the wave called? | trough |
| What is the amplitude of a wave? | height of the wave |
| What is frequency? | how many waves pass a point in one second |
| What is the distance from crest to crest OR trough to trough called? | wavelength |
| If the wavelength increases (gets longer), what happens to the frequency? | lower |
| If the wavelength decreases (gets shorter), what happens to the frequency? | higher |
| If the frequency is high, what can we say about the energy of the wave? | energy is HIGH |
| If energy is HIGH for a wave, what can we say about the amplitude? | amplitude is HIGH |
| What type of wave are light waves? | transverse |
| What type of wave is a sound wave? | compression/longitudinal |
| Which type of wave REQUIRES a MEDIUM in order to travel? | sound wave |
| The FREQUENCY of a sound wave is also known as what? | pitch |
| The AMPLITUDE of a sound wave determines its _____________. | loudness |
| What is resonance? | the vibration of an object in response to a sound wave |
| List the waves of the Electromagnetic Spectrum IN ORDER from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength. | radio-microwaves-infrared-visible light-ultraviolet-XRay-Gamma |
| What part of the Electromagnetic spectrum is the only wave that we can see? | visible light |
| List the colors of visible light in order from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength. Hint: ROYGBIV | red-orange-yellow-green-blue-indigo-violet |
| What is it called when light BOUNCES off an object? | reflection |
| What is it called when light BENDS? | refraction |
| What is it called when light is allowed to PASS through? | transmission |
| What is ABSORPTION? | No light is allowed to pass through |
| How do we see color? | we see the color that is REFLECTED; all other colors are ABSORBED |
| Why do we see WHITE? | ALL colors are reflected |
| Why do we see BLACK? | ALL colors are absorbed |
| What happens when we use a blue filter? | Only allows BLUE light to pass through, all other colors are absorbed |
| What does a filter do? | It only allows light that is the color of the filter to pass through, all other colors are absorbed |
Created by:
bwmsScience8
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