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Zoo Spring Final
Vocab that is on the final exam May 2024
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| herpetology | study of amphibians and reptiles ; "creeping" animals |
| Class Amphibia | group of vert. with smooth, moist skin, metamorphosis, and must lay eggs in water |
| Order Anura | amphibians without a tail; includes frogs and toads |
| Order Caudata | amphibians that have a tail; includes newts and salamanders |
| Class Reptilia | vert. with dry, scaly skin, no metamorphosis, and lay a shelled, amniotic egg |
| Order Testudines | group of reptiles with a shell derived from the vertebrae; includes tortoises and turtles |
| Order Squamata | rept with a kinetic (movable) skull; includes the lizards and snakes |
| Order Crocodilia | rept with a 4 chambered heart and long flattened snouts; includes alligators and crocodiles |
| tetrapod | animals with 4 limbs including amphibians and all amniotes |
| amniote | organisms that have an amniotic egg with protective membranes for the embryo; includes reptiles, birds, and mammals |
| Jacobson's organs | organ on the roof of a snake's mouth for sensing chemicals brought in by the tongue |
| Pit organs | organs in the face of some snakes that sense heat from warm blooded prey animals |
| neurotoxic venom | type of venom that affects the brain and nerves of the prey; causes paralysis and death of the prey |
| hemorrhagic venom | type of venom that causes the blood of the prey to leak out into the tissue spaces; causing internal bleeding |
| ornithology | study of birds |
| avian | of or relating to birds |
| Class Aves | vert group including birdsq |
| pneumatized wings | wings with rigid, hollow bones with air pockets to make them light for flight |
| syrinx | specialized voice box in birds for making sounds |
| air sacs | structures in the respiratory system of birds that provide fresh air whether inhaling or exhaling |
| altricial | type of young bird that is naked and helpless, requiring more parental care |
| precocial | type of young bird that is much more independent once the feathers have dried; found in mostly waterfowl |
| ratite birds | flightless birds such as emus and ostriches |
| carinate birds | all birds with the ability to fly |
| body hair | structure of mammals that provides insulation, protection, and coloration |
| vibrissae | whiskers; sense movement to help mammals navigate the world |
| horns | dead skin with a bone core protruding from the base of the skull; ex: big horn sheep |
| antlers | entirely made of bone, some mammals have these to control temperature, attract mates, and intimidate rivals ex: deer |
| sweat glands | structures in mammals that produce a substance that helps regulate body temperature |
| scent glands | structures in mammals that produce a substance that has an odor to communicate, warn, defend, or find a mate |
| mammary glands | structures in mammals that produce milk to feed their young |
| heterodont teeth | having teeth of different shapes and sizes |
| omnivore | eats plants and animals |
| carnivore | kills and eats prey |
| herbivore | eats only plants |
| larynx | voice box of mammals allowing vocalization to communicate |
| monotremes | group of mammals that lays eggs; ex: platypus and echidna |
| marsupials | group of mammals that have a pouch to hold the very underdeveloped newborn embryo ex: kangaroos |
| placental mammals | group of mammals that nourish their young through a temporary organ attached to the uterus of the female |
| gestation | the developmental time before birth |
| endotherm | animals that generate their own body heat (birds and mammals) |
| ectotherm | animals that must get heat from the environment (amphibians, reptiles, etc) |
| Phylum Arthropoda | invertebrate animals with jointed appendages and an exoskeleton |
| subphylum chelicerata | arthropods with several different appendages including chelicerae, pedipalps, and four pairs of walking legs |
| class arachnida | type of chelicerate that is predaceous, has fangs, and many have spinnerets for spinning webs |
| subphylum uniramia | group of arthropods with unbranched appendages and usually 3 major tagmata; includes myriapods and insects |
| myriapods | uniramians with many legs; millipedes and centipedes |
| class insecta | uniramian with 3 pairs of legs and usually 2 pairs of wings; largest group of arthropods |
| subphylum crustacea | arthropods with 3 tagmata, gills and biramous appendages (chelipeds, walking legs, and swimmerets) |
| entomology | study of insects |
| holometabolous | complete metamorphosis with egg, larva, pupa and adult stages |
| hemimetabolous | incomplete metamorphosis with an egg and several nymph stages before the adult stage |
| book lungs | one form of respiration found in spiders with air pockets that extend into a blood filled chamber |
| tracheal tubes | common breathing system in insects and some other arthropods; air enters a tube system through spiracles and goes directly to the body tissues |
| Malpighian tubules | mode of excretion in insects; comparable to the kidney in other animals |
| Phylum Chordata | group of animals with a notochord |
| subphylum vertebrata | group of animals having a backbone |
| class chondrichthyes | cartilaginous fish like sharks, skates, and rays |
| class osteichthyes | bony fish |
| gnathostomata | group of animals with a jawed mouth including cartilaginous fish and bony fish |
| swim bladder | organ in bony fish that fills with gases to help the fish maintain buoyancy |
| liver | organ that stores fat and maintains buoyancy in sharks |
| poikilotherm | animal with a body temperature that varies (changes) |
| homeotherm | animal that maintains a constant body temperature |
| operculum | covering of the gills in bony fish; help circulate water when fish is not in motion |
| rectal gland | in sharks, removes excess salt from the body |
| gills | organ of respiration for fish |
| spiracles | openings on top of the head that allow water to flow over the gills when skates/rays dwell on the bottom of the ocean |
| lateral line system | canals in skin that detect vibrations in water (movement) |
| ampullae of Lorenzini | pick up on the bioelectric field of living organisms; found in fish |
| homocercal tail | symmetrical tail found in most cartilaginous fish |
| heterocercal tail | asymmetrical tail found in most cartilaginous fish |
| benthic | dwelling on the ocean floor |
| pelagic | dwelling in open water |
| oviparous | animals that lay eggs' |
| ovoviviparous | animals that allow eggs to develop internally and then lay them just before hatching |
| viviparous | animals that give birth to live young |
| spawning | behavior of fish when males and females lay large numbers of eggs and sperm in the same place at the same time; increases chances of forming offspring |
Created by:
Mrs. Meeks SHS
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