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ch 14 bain, nerves
Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| towards the forhead or "higher" | rostral |
| towards the spinal cord or "lower" | caudal |
| what is 83% of volume and is comprised of two cerebral hemisphere | cerebrum |
| Thick bundle of nerve fibers | corpus callosum |
| What is 10% of volume, occupies the posterio cranial fossa and is located inferior to the cerebrum | cerebellum |
| All the brain except the cerebrum and cerebellum | Brainstem |
| diencephalon, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata | brainstem |
| composed of gray and white matter | brain |
| gray matter(neurosomas, dendrites, and synapses | cortex |
| Deeper and has gray matter | nuclei |
| What lies deep to the gray matter and contains tracts, or bundles of axons | white matter |
| what surrounds nuclei and connects one part of the brain to another | tracts |
| nervous system develops from | ectoderm |
| What forms along the dorsal midline of the embryo | neural plate |
| sinks into the tissue forming ___ with a raised_____ along each side. | neural groove, neural fold |
| neural folds roll towrd each other and fuse creating | nueral tube |
| Neural tube becomes_____ of the spinal cord and ____of the brain | central canal, ventricles |
| prosencephalon, telencephalon, diencephalon | forebrain |
| mesencephalon | midbrain |
| rhombencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon | hindbrain |
| protects the brain and provides a structural frameword for its arteries and veins | meninges |
| outer periosteal layer, inner meningeal layer, and limits brain movements during trauma | Dura mater |
| What contains blood vessels and CSF | subarachnoid space |
| potential space between the skull and dura mater | epidural space |
| potential space between the dura and arachnoid maters | subdural space |
| on the floor or wall of each ventricle is a spongy mass of capillaries, secrete CSF, called | choroid plexus |
| What is produced daily(500ml) | CSF |
| Buoyancy, protection, chemical stability is what | CSF |
| What regulates what can get from the bloodstream into the tissue fluid of the brain | brain barrier system |
| Highly permeable to water, glucose, O2, CO2, ETOH, caffeine, nicotine, and anesthetics | brain barrier system |
| What is created by tight junctions between endothelial cells and perivascular feet of astrocytes | blood brain barrier |
| What protects choroid plexuses | blood-CSF barrier |
| All nerve fibers connecting the brain to the spinal cord pass through the? | medulla |
| about 90% of motor fibers cross over at the | pyramidal decussation |
| What cranial nerves begin or end at the medulla? | Vlll, IX, X, Xll |
| What is a major relay center for signals going from many levels of the brain and spinal cord to the cerebellum | inferior olivary nucleus |
| What is a loose network of nuclei extending throughout the entire brainstem | reticular formation |
| In the medulla, the RF includes what that regulates the rate and force of the heartbeat | cardiac center |
| What regulates blood pressure and flow | vasomotor center |
| what regulates rythm and depth of breathing | respiratory centers |
| What cranial nerves begin or end in pons | V, Vlll |
| What cranial nerves begin in the midbrain | lll, lV |
| What functions in visual attention | superior colliculi |
| What mediate the reflexive turning of the head in response to a sound | inferior colliculi |
| What is red nucleus connects mainly to the cerebellum to coordinate fine motor control? | Tegmentum |
| what is motor center that relays inhibitory signals to the thalamus and basal nuclei and is Parkinson's disease | substantia nigra |
| What is bundle of nerve fibers that connect to the cerebrum to the pons | cerebral crus |
| What is involved with the RF in controlling awareness of pain | cerebral aqueduct |
| What is the cardiac and vasomotor centers of the medulla | cardiovascular control |
| Pain modulation, sleep and consciousness, habituation | Reticular formation |
| What is the process by which the brain learns to ignore repetitive, inconsequential stimuli while remaining sensitive to others | habituation |
| What is connected to the pons and recieves input from the rest of the brain | middle peduncles |
| what is connected to the medulla oblongata and recieves spinal input | inferior peduncles |
| what is connected to the midbrain and are a pathway for cerebellar output | superior peduncles |
| What is the center for monitoring muscle contractions and aiding in motor coordination | Cerebellum |
| evaluation of sensory input, spatial perception, timekeeper, language output, hearing, planning and scheduling tasks | frontal lobe |
| Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus | diencephalon |
| what signals for taste, smell, hearing, vision, equilibrium, touch, pain, pressure, heat, and cold pass through the | thalamus |
| What serves in motor control by relaying signals from the cerebellum to the cerebrum | Diencephalon |
| What is involved in the memory and emotional functions of the limbic system | Diencephalon |
| What relays signals from the limbic system to the thalamus | mammillary bodies |
| what has major control of the endocrine and autonomic nervous system | diencephalon |
| what plays an essential role in homeostatic regulation of nearly all organs of the body | Diencephalon |
| Hormone secretion, autonomic effects, thermoregulation, food and water intake, sleep and circadian rhythms, memory, emotional behavior and sexual response | hypothalamus |
| what secretes melatonin | pineal gland |
| what relays information from the limbic system to the midbrain | habenula |
| Conscious, abstract thought, explicit or declarative memory, cognitive and emotional processes, speech production and other voluntary motor control | Frontal lobe |
| taste, somatic sensation, touch, heat, and pain, and visual processing, multisensory integration, awareness of body, language processing, and numerical awareness | parietal lobe |
| visual awareness, visual processing | occipital lobe |
| hearing, smell, emotion and learning, language comprehensio and memory of the grammer and vocabulary | temporal lobe |
| taste, pain, visceral sensation, consciousness,emotional responses and empathy cardiovascular homeostasis | insula |
| what extends vertically between higher and lower brain and spinal cord centers and carries info between cerbrum and body | projection tracts |
| what crosses from one cerebral hemisphere to the other | commissural tracts |
| connects different regions within the same cerebral hemisphere | association tracts |
| different lobes | long assiciateion fibers |
| gyri to lobe | short association fibers |
Created by:
edith1234
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