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Small intestine
Terms and definition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Superior mesenteric artery brings | blood supply |
| drians into superior mesenertic veins then into hepatic portal vein then liver | Veins |
| parasymplathetic innervation via vagus nerve and sympathetic innervation from thoracic splanchnic nerves | nerves supply |
| Permanent folds, that force chyme to slowly sprial through lumen allowing more nutrient absorption | circular folds |
| fingerlike projection with contains capillary bed and lymphatic capillary called a lacteal absorption | villi |
| Cytoplasmic extensions of mucosal cells, brush order that contains brush order enzymes used for carbs and protein digestion | microvilli |
| make up bulk of epithelium | enterocytes |
| produce intestinal juice, watery mixture of mucus that acts as carrier fluid for chyme | crypts |
| mucus-secreting cells found in epithelia of villi and crypts | goblet cells |
| source of enterogastrones like cck and secretin | Enteroendocrine cells |
| crypts, secretory cells that fortify small intestins defenses. destroy bacteria | paneth cells |
| aggregated lympoid nomes in lamina propria | peyers patches |
| secrete alkaline mucus to neutalize acidic chyme | duodenal glands |
| bile, bicarbonate, digestive enzyme | liver and pancreas |
| movement of food into duodenum to prevent it from being overwhelmed | enterogastric reflex and enterogastrones |
| Each wave distal to previous wave is | migrating motor complex |
| relaxes and admits chyme into large intestine | illeocecal sphincter |
| enhances force of segmentation in ileum. gastrin increases motility | gastroileal reflex |
| ileocecal valve flaps close when chyme exerts backwards pressure | prevents regurgitiation into ileum |
| internal anal sphincter | smooth muscle |
| External anal sphincter | skeletal muscle |
| cecum, appendux and rectum are all | retroperitoneal |
| secrete muscus to aid in emptying | anal recesses |
| bacteria enters from small intestine or anus to colonize colon | bacterial flora |
| Ferment indigestible carbs and mucin relases acids and gases | fermentation |
| synthesize B complex and some vitamin K needed by liver to produce clotting factors | vitamin synthesis |
| most contraction of colon in response to distension | Haustral contrcations |
| initiated by food in stomach, mass movement, slow and pwerful peristaltic waves | gastrocolic reflex |
| mass movement toward rectum. distension initiated spinal | defecation reflex |
| carbs begins in mouth | salivary amylase |
| breaks down starch or glycgen that escaped slaivary amylase | pancreatic amylase |
| Digestion begins when pepsinogen is converted to | pepsin |
| pancreatic proteases to smaller peptides | trypsin and chymotrypsin |
| takes of one amino acid at a time | carboxpeptidase |
| amino acids cross due to | seconday active transport carriers |
| triglycerides breakdown products that are insouble in water | emulsification |
| break down fat into fatty acids | pancreatic lipase |
| triglycerifdes packaged with lecithin and lipoproteins forming | chylomicron |
| pancreatic nucleases hydrolyze nuclein acid to | nucleotide monomers |
| fat soluble vitamins absorbed by | micells, diffuse into absorptive cells |
| water-solible vitamins absorbed by | disffuion or passive active transportes |
| vitamin b12 absorbed by | intrinsic factor by endocytosis |
| iron is tored in mucosal cells with | ferrietin |
| electrolytes transported in blood by | transferrin |
Created by:
edith1234
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