Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio 233 Nutrients
Terms and definition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Substance in food needed for growth, maintenance, repair | Nutrient |
| Three major nutrients that make up the bulk of ingested food : Carbs, lipids, proteins | Macronutrients |
| Two other nutrients that are required, but only in small amounts: vitamins and minerals. Water is required, so technically it is a nutrient | Micronutrients |
| nutrients that must be eaten because body cannot synthesize these from other nutrients | Essential nutrients |
| Nonessential nutrients are also vital to life, if not enough available which organ converts nutrient into one needed? | Liver |
| Dietary sources: plants, like starch in grians and vegetables, sugars, milk. | Carbohydrates |
| starch and grains and vegetables | complex carbohydrates |
| Sugars in fruits, sugarcane, sugar beets, honey, and milk | Mono-and disaccharides |
| carbs insoluble fiber | cellulose in vegetables |
| carbs soluble fiber | pectin |
| Neurons and RBCs rely entirely on | glucose |
| Fructose and galactose are converted to what by liver. | glucose |
| Daily intake of carbs | 45-65% |
| Consists mostly complex carbs and simple crabs should be | limited |
| Excess carbs can lead to elevated | triglycerides in plasma |
| Deficits of carbs can lead to | tissue wasting, metabolic acidosis |
| Dietary sources: Triglycerides in form of saturated fats, unsaturated fats, cholesterol | Lipids |
| Meat, diary foods, tropical oils, trans fats | Saturated fats |
| Seeds, nuts, olive oil, vegetable oils | Unsaturated fats (healthy) |
| egg yolk, meats, shellfish, milk products | cholesterol |
| Liver makes % of cholesterol | 85% |
| Diet makes % of cholesterol | 15% |
| Liver cannot synthesize two Lipids? | Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid |
| An omega-6 fatty acid component of lecithin | Linoleic acid |
| An omega-3 fatty acid. found in most vegetable oils | Linolenic acid |
| adipose tissue used for protection, insulation, fuel storage, fuel for hepatocytes and skeletal muscles, absorb fat -soluble vitamins | Lipids |
| Used for myelin sheaths and cell membranes | Phospholipids |
| Stabilizes membranes, precursor of bile salts, steroid hormones | Cholesterol |
| smooth muscle contraction, BP control, inflammation | Prostaglandins (lipids) |
| Dietary sources: animal products, eggs, milk, fish, meats, soybeans | complete proteins |
| Legumes, nuts, and cereals separately | incomplete proteins |
| Legumes and cereal grains together contain all | essential amino acids |
| uses in body: kertain, collagen, elastin, muscle, enzymes, hormones | Proteins |
| All amino acids needed must be present for protein synthesis to occur, if not all are present then amino acids are used for energy | All-or-none rule |
| Protein is used as fuel if insufficient carbohydrates or fat is available | Adequacy of caloric intake |
| anabolic hormones (Gh, sex hormones) accelerate protein synthesis and growth. Adrenal glucocorticoids(released during stress) promote protein breakdown and conversion of amino acids to glucose | Hormonal control |
| synthesis exceeds breakdown(normal in children, pregnant women, tissue repair ) | positive nitrogen |
| Breakdown exceeds synthesis( stress, burns, infection, starvation) | Negative nitrogen balance |
| vitamins are | coenzymes |
| Must be ingested except | Vitamin D, B, K, A |
| B complex and c are absorbed with water, b12 absorption requires intrinsic factor, not stored in body | Water-soluble vitamins |
| A,D,E ,and K are absorbed with lipid digestion products, stored in body except for k | Fat-soluble vitamins |
| Extra electrons, body neutralizes with vitamins that are antioxidants | Radicals |
| Dietary sources: green and orange vegetables and fruits, retinol in dairy products | Vitamin A |
| Dietary sources: dairy products, egg yolk, made in human skin due to sunlight | Vitamin D |
| Dietary source:Vegetables, oil. nuts, seeds | Vitamin E |
| Dietary source : green vegetables, tea, colon bacteria | Vitamin K |
| Function: component of visual pigments, maintenance of tissue, antioxidant | Vitamin A |
| Function: Aids in absorption and use of calcium and phosphorus | Vitamin D |
| Function: Antioxidant, helps prevent damage to cell membranes | Vitamin E |
| function: Important for healthy clotting | vitamin K |
| Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur,sodium, chlorine, and magnesium are important what? | Minerals |
| Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium salts do what? | Harden bone |
| Iron is essential for oxygen ... | binding to hemoglobin |
| iodine is necessary for thyroid... | Thyroid hormone synthesis |
| Sodium and chloride are major | Electrolytes in blood |
| Meats, eggs, dairy products, conenzyme in nucelic acid and mentabloism:maturation of red blood cells | Vitamin b12 |
| Fruits, vegetables broccoli, used in collagen synthesis for bone, cartilage, gums, antioxidant | Vitamin C |
Created by:
edith1234
Popular Biology sets