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Inheritance

JCTC Miller Bio 112

QuestionAnswer
Gregor Mendel Established principles of inheritance with pea plants.
Phenotype An individual`s observable traits.
Homozygous Having identical alleles of a gene.
Heterozygous Having 2 different alleles of a gene
Genotype Particular alleles carried by an individual.
Hybrid Offsrping of a cross between 2 true-bred individuals for different forms of a trait.
Dominant An allele that masks the effect of a recessive paired with it.
Recessive An allele that is masked by a dominant allele paired with it.
Monohybrid Cross Cross in which individuals with different alleles of a gene are crossed; (3:1 phenotype ratio)
Punnett Square Diagram used to predict the outcome of a cross.
Proteome Amount of proteins in an individual
Dihybrid Cross Cross in which individuals with different alleles of 2 genes are crossed. (9:3:3:1 ratio)
Independant Assortment A gene tends to be distributed independantly of how other genes are distributed.
Codominance Both Alleles are fully expressed heterozygous individuals.
Incomplete Dominance One allele of a gene pair is not fully dominant over the other.
Polygenic Inheritance (Epistasis) Traits affected by multiple gene products; bell-shaped curve.
Pleiotropy Occurs when a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits. (Basketball player dies from burst aorta)
Polyphenism A trait where multiple, discrete phenotypes arise from a single genotype by cause of environmental comditions.
Genetic Disorders Rare version of an inherited trait; causes medical problems
Autosomal Dominant Disorder A Dominant allele is expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous individuals; will appear in supsequent generations.
Autosomal Recessive Disorder Expressed only in homozygous individuals; may skip generations.
Albinism autosomal recessive disorder
X-linked Recessive Disorders Affects more males than females; father cannot pass on to sons.
Aneuploidy Condition where someone has more or fewer chromosomes than normal; arises through nondisjunction.
Down`s Syndrome case of autosomal aneuploidy.
Created by: 1630334926
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