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Chapter 26 Notes
Chapter 26: A Closer Look at Amniotes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Amnion | Fluid-filled sac Amniote embryos develop in |
| Amniotes | Reptiles, birds, and mammals |
| Diaphragm | An independent muscle used to expand the chest cavity and force air into the lungs, separated the muscles needed for walking and breathing |
| 3-chambered heart | Heart in Reptiles |
| 4-chambered heart | Heart in Birds and mammals |
| Ectotherms | Organisms whose body temperature are determined by the surrounding environment |
| Endotherms | Organisms use their own metabolic heat to keep their tissues warm |
| Reptiles | Ectotherms that are covered with dry scales or plates and reproduce by laying amniotic eggs covered with a tough outer shell |
| Oviparous reptile | Reptiles deposit their eggs into an external nest, and the eggs develop completely independent of the adult reptile |
| Basking | Absorbing energy from the sun, common in reptiles after eating |
| Rhynchocephalia | One remaining member called the Tuatara that lives in a few small islands off the coast of New Zealand |
| Crocodilia | Reptiles that care for their young, have 4-chambered heart, contains the largest reptile |
| Largest Reptile | Australian Crocodile, which can ger over 25 feet and over 2000 pounds |
| Keel | A ridged bone attached to the sternum that supports the muscles |
| Air sacs | Stores air as the bird breathes |
| Oxygen in Birds | Oxygen-rich air stays separate from oxygen poor air inside the lungs |
| Bird bones | Hollow, non-flexible, and rigid. Makes up only 5% of the birds overall mass |
| Curved Beak | Used to tear flesh from prey Ex. Eagles |
| Aquatic Birds | Webbed Feet |
| Talons | Heavy claws used to capture and kill prey, common in predatory birds |
| Mammals | Active, large-brained, endothermic animals with complex social, feeding, and reproductive behaviors |
| Hair | Helps maintain heat, provide camouflage, and make whiskers to be used for sensory information |
| Mammary Glands | Glands in mammals that produce milk |
| Monotremes | Mammals that lay eggs and babies lick milk from pools in the mothers belly Ex: Duck-billed platypus and spiny Anteaters found in Australia and Tasmania |
| Marsupials | Pouched mammals that give birth to immature, underdeveloped live young that grow to maturing inside and marsupium or pouch. Ex: Kangaroos, wombats, koalas, and opossums |
| Eutherian Mammals (Placental Mammals) | Mammals that give birth to live young that have completed development. |
| Placenta | Organ Eutherian mammals deliver oxygen and nutrients to the embryo with and removes waste products |
| Longest Eutherian gestation | Rhinoceros, 19 months |
| Shortest Eutherian gestation | Mouse, 21 days |
| Rodentia | Largets placental mammal order where top and bottom incisors grow. Ex: rats, mice, chipmunks, squirrels, and beavers. |
| Lagamorpha | Rodent-like mammals with top incisors that continuously grow. Ex: rabbits, pikas, and hares |
| Edentata | Toothless mammals. Ex: anteaters, armadillos, and sloths |
| Cetacea | Only completely aquatic mammals. Ex: Whales and Dolphins |
| Sirenia | Slow moving, peaceful brackish water mammals. Ex: manatees and dugongs |
| Insectivora | Insect eating burrowers. Ex: Moles and shrews |
| Proboscidea | Long noses. Ex: elephants |
| Perissodactyla | Odd-toed hooves. Ex: Horses and Tapirs |
| Artiodactyla | Even-toed hooves. Ex: pigs, hippos, and deer |
| Chiroptera | Flying mammals. Ex: bats |
| Carnivora | Large Canines and flesh eaters. Ex: dogs, cats, and weasels |
| Chelonia | Turtles and tortoises |
| Green Sea Turtle | Almost became extinct because it was the man ingredient in turtle soup |
| Loggerhead Turtle | Only sea turtle that breed on the U.S. Coast (4 times a year) |
| Leatherback Turtle | Largest sea turtle with a flipper span of 9 feet and weighing up to 1700 pounds |
| Snapping Turtle | Largest freshwater turtle with a carapace of up to 3 feet across and weighing over 200 pounds |
| Squamata | Snakes and Lizards |
| Jacobson's Organ | Organ in the top of a snake's mouth that can pick up chemical scents and help locate predators and detect prey |
| 2 Poisonous Lizards | Cila Monster and Bearded Dragon |
| Anaconda | Largest snake can get up to 37 feet long |
| King Cobra | Largest venomous snake gets up to 14 feet and kills over 10,000 people a year |
| Spitting Cobra | Can spit venom accurately up to 12 feet |
| Sea Snake | Snake with the most toxic venom and is completely marine |
| Komodo Dragon | Largest lizard, 10 feet long and over 300 pounds |
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SavanahT
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