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IES Exam 4 Hard
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mesa and Scarp Terrain | More common in sedimentary rocks. Differential erosion is very important, different layers of different erodibility can be more or less easily dissolved Ex. Grand Canyon |
| Basin and Range Terrain | Mountain ranges of variable diastrophic origin (faulting, folding, volcanism) |
| Playa | Formed by accumulation of sediments Very flat |
| Salina | Accumulation of salts where ET > P Various salt crystal piles |
| Rill Erosion | Small channels forming. Start of stream formation, depends on substrate |
| Gully Erosion | Large paths carved out of earth for water. Phemoral, fill up w/rain but then evaporates. Eventually becomes stream |
| Sheet Erosion | Once water builds up it flows across landscape and collects in big areas. Frequent really early summer rains in recent years have been increasing runoff and soil erosion from ag cropland Overland flow type |
| Splash Erosion | Overland flow type Drops hitting the ground. Can erode and displace, especially in dry climates |
| Interfluves | Overland flow Not as intense, counts for lots |
| Lahars | Mudflows triggered by volcanic eruptions |
| Earthflows | Slow moving flows (movement of loose earth materials) of mostly fine grained or clay rich sediment/soil Wet, mid speed |
| Mudflow | Mudflow/debris flow composed of slurry of rocky debris, sediment and water Wet and fast |
| Debris Flow | Fast moving mix of sediment and flowing water |
| Landslide | Occur due to instant igneous collapse of slope and triggered by heavy rains, earthquakes or lateral erosion by streams or road building Mid moisture, fast |
| Rockfall | Large mass of bedrock rapidly moves downslope Common in high lats and high altitudes |
| Soil Slump | Larger volume of soil moves downslope Often related to intense rain Mid moisture, mid speed |
| Solifluction | Soil flowage. Typical in tundra landscape Near surface soil above permafrost One fast movement Mid-wet, slow |
| Soil Creep | Slow, short downslope movement of soil, affected by angle of slope, plant cover, moisture, burrowing animals Over time contributes to decreasing slope angles and lowering hilltops Dry and slow |
| Hillslope Processes | Mass wasting Important cuz they share landscapes an can also be natural hazards |
| Biological Weathering | Biological organisms involved in chemical and physical weathering |
| Joints | Cracks that develop in lithosphere, no vertical displacement (fault) |
| Solution Cavities | Holes that develop mostly in sedimentary rocks, especially in calcareous limestone |
| Carbonation | Releases acidity Reaction important in dissolving limestone |
| Precipitation | Releases acidity Reaction important in dissolving limestone |
| Dissolution | Removal of bedrock through chemical action of water |
| Chemical Weathering Processes | More effective when high surface area, high moisture (humid > arid), high temperature |
| Physical Weathering | Temperature changes due to climate (temp and moisture) or heat from fire or changes in strain due to removal of overlying rocks |
| Atmospheric Weathering | Oxygen, carbon dioxide (gaseous and liquid forms) water (gas, solid and liquid), and resulting acids involved in chemical reactions |
| Denundation | Wearing of plant material and soil leading to reduction in relief and in elevation by the following processes |
| Mass Wasting | Short distance downslope movement of weathered rock and soil |
| Erosion | Long distance transport of material via wind and water |
Created by:
Eliana.s
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