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Human reproduction

TermDefinition
Testes Male gonads • Testes develop inside the body at first, but a few weeks before birth descend into the scrotum. • This means they are kept at slightly lower than body temperature (35°) which is the ideal temperature for sperm producti
Seminiferous tables Seminiferous tubules inside the testes are lined with sperm producing cells. • Cells between the tubules produce the hormone testosterone
Epididymis All the seminiferous tubules join to form the epididymis. Sperm mature and are stored here
Urethra and sperm duct The epididymis leads to the sperm duct (vas deferens) • The sperm duct brings sperm to the urethra. • The urethra is responsible for carrying sperm and urine out of the body
Male reproductive glands Seminal Vesicle • Prostate Gland • Cowper’s Gland • These glands produce seminal fluid which nourishes the sperm and provides a medium in which to swim
Meiosis in human reproduction Sperm and egg producing cells are diploid i.e. they contain 46 chromosomes. • They divide by meiosis to form sperm and egg cells. • Each sperm and egg cell, therefore, has a haploid number of chromosomes i.e. they have 23 each.
Testosterone Testosterone: male hormone responsible for the development of the primary and secondary male sexual characteristics.
Follicle stimulating hormone FSH – Follicle Stimulating hormone • Produced by male pituitary gland • Causes the diploid sperm producing cells in the testes to divide by meiosis & produce haploid sperm.
Lutenising hormone LH – Luteinising hormone • Stimulates testes to produce testosterone
Male secondary sexual characteristics The growth of pubic, facial and body hair. • The enlargement of larynx and ‘breaking’ of the voice’. • Increased muscular development and bone development.
Male Infertility – Low sperm count causes Causes: • Smoking, • alcohol abuse, • use of anabolic steroids. • Low levels of male hormones
Male Infertility – Low sperm count treatment • Treatment: • Changes in diet & lifestyle • Hormone suppements
Ovaries To produce the egg (ova). To produce the hormones oestrogen and progesterone
Fallopian tube Catches the egg from the ovary and transports it to uterus. Site of fertilisation.
Uterus Site of implantation. Holds the developing embryo. Has a lining (endometrium) enriched with blood vessels to nourish the embryo. Forms the placenta
The Ovary The ovaries of a female foetus contains all the eggs at birth. These eggs have not yet divided by meiosis and as a result are diploid After puberty a number of eggs are produced by meiosis each month. Usually only one egg continues to grow
Graafian follicle Once meiosis is complete the egg is surrounded within a structure called the Graafian follicle, which produces the female hormone oestrogen . When mature the follicle forms a swelling on the outside the ovary. It bursts at ovulation to release the eg
Corpus luteum After ovulation the follicle fills with yellow cells and becomes the Corpus luteum (yellow body). • This secretes the hormone progesterone
secondary female characteristics The maturing and enlargement of the breasts. • The widening of the pelvis to allow for birth. • The growth of pubic and underarm hair. • A growth spurt.
Female infertility disorder -Endocrine gland failure Endocrine gland failure - A failure of the ovaries to produce an egg
Endocrine gland failure: causes? Pituitary gland fails to produce FSH & LH • Lack of FHS – failure of egg to form • Lack of LH – failure to ovulate
Endocrine gland failure: treatment ? Treatment • Hormone supplement. • In-vitro fertilisation (I.V.F.)
Created by: Caoimhek
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