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NUR 111
Cognition Class Prep & key terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which part of the brain controls activities like riding a bike, and drawing sketches, both of which control precise movement of body parts? | Cerebellum |
| What part of the brain receives and processes the information from the eyes? | Forebrain |
| Provide 3 examples of body functions controlled by the medulla oblongata | Breathing, thinking, heart rate |
| What does Broca’s area control? | Our ability to speak |
| What can damage to Broca’s area result in? | Expressive aphasia |
| What is expressive aphasia | Difficulty expressing what you want to say despite understanding what is being said |
| What is the purpose of Wernicke’s area? | Helps us understand language |
| What can damage to Wernicke’s area result in? | Receptive aphasia |
| What is receptive aphasia? | The inability to understand what is being said (pt will not be able to follow commands) |
| What intellectual and personality activities are the frontal lobe involved in? | Intellectual = thinking, sensing, memory Personality = emotions, behavior |
| The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland in order to … | Regulate temperature, blood pressure, wakefulness, and sexual arousal |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is contained within the ventricles and it circulates nutrients to the brain and removes waste products from the brain | TRUE |
| What is dysphagia? | Difficulty swallowing |
| Akathisia is characterized by | Restlessness |
| What is dyscalculia? | Difficulty understanding numbers |
| What is dyslexia? | Characterized by difficulty with reading and language based skills which impact reading fluency, decoding, and comprehension |
| What are illusions? | Distorted perceptions of actual sights, sounds, or other stimuli |
| What are delusions? | Rigid false beliefs |
| What are hallucinations? | Imagined (!!!) sensory expressions |
| What is dysgraphia? | A disability that impacts fine motor skills and the ability to write clearly and legibly |
| What is word-salad? | Meaningless phrases, made up words |
| Another term for word for word-salad | Neologisms |
| Delusion of persecution | “The government is out to get me” |
| delusion of reference | Belief that all public events or conversation is about them |
| Delusion of grandeur | Inflated sense of self worth and abilities |
| What is tangentiality | Start of a whole new subject in the middle of a conversation |
| What is poverty of speech? | Inability to engage in small talk |
| What is pressure speech | Rapid, never ending |
| What is circumstantiality? | Giving excessive detail, never gets to the point |
| What is ataxia? | Lack of muscle coordination |
| What is psychosis? | An abnormal state of mind where the person has an altered state of reality, disorganized thinking, disorganized speech, and disorganized behaviors |
| What is dementia? | an IRREVERSIBLE, slow progressive deterioration of all cognitive functions with little or no disturbance of consciousness or perception |
| What is delirium? | A potentially reversible disorder with a rapid onset in which awareness of the environment is dulled and the ability to focus, sustain, and shift attention is reduced |
| S&S of delirium | Disorientation Rapid, rambling, or incoherent speech Restlessness Sudden, intense emotional swings Hallucinations |
| What is delirium? | A potentially reversible disorder with a rapid onset in which awareness of the environment is dulled and the ability to focus, sustain, and shift attention is reduced |
| S&S of delirium | Disorientation Rapid, rambling, or incoherent speech Restlessness Sudden, intense emotional swings Hallucinations |
| What is confusion? | The inability to think clearly, make judgements and focus |
| What is disorientation? | A part of confusion where the person cannot identify themselves, place, time, or situation |
| List four causes of confusion | Hypoxia, inadequate perfusion, medications, and diseases |
| What is the first stage of memory? | Sensory memory |
| What is sensory memory? | Input of visual and auditory information that is retained for a few seconds then forgotten |
| What is short term memory? | The active processing and manipulation of information into conscious awareness, lasts a few seconds, and can only handle a small amount of information |
| What is working memory? | The ability to follow a sequence of directions |
| What is affective memory? | Memory involved with emotions |
| What is motor system memory? | Motor memory, remembering how to do a motor activity |
| What is long term memory? | The final destination of information that can be stored indefinitely |
| What are the 4 components of long term memory? | Declarative memories, semantic memory, non-declarative memories, and procedural memories |
| What is declarative memory? | Explicit and consciously accessed |
| What is semantic memory? | Facts and verbal information |
| What is non-declarative memory? | Information outside of our conscious awareness |
| What is procedural memory? | Enables you to perform learned skills and tasks |
| What is amnesia? | Loss of memory |
| What is a confabulation? | Fabrication of a memory due to memory loss, without intention of deficit |
| What is agnosia? | Alteration in the ability to recognize objects through the senses |
| What is praxia? | The ability to control movement in a deliberate , smooth, and coordinated fashion |
| What is a tic? | Semi-involuntary movement that are sudden, repetitive, and non-rhythmic (can be motor or phonic) |
| What is Bradykinesia? | Slow movement |
| What is dystonia? | Muscle contractions |
| What is rigidity? | Resistance to movement |
| Cause of essential tremors | Genetic |
| Cause of physiological tremors | Exhaustion or stress |
| Cause of resting tremors | Sign of Parkinson’s disease |
| What is executive function? | Ability to plan and execute complex tasks |
| What is Avolition? | Poor initiation and motivation |
| What are 5 abnormal executive functions? | 1. Poor initiation and motivation 2. Poor judgement 3. Poor organizing, planning, executing 4. poor decision making 5. Poor insight |
| What is adaptive behavior? | Practical skills we use everyday |
| What are conceptual skills? | Skills like language, reading, or telling time |
| What are social skills? | The ability to follow rules and interact with others |
| What are practical skills? | The ability to work and perform activities of daily living |
Created by:
ginnyfoscue
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