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NUR 111
Sensory lecture notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What can pts with sensory deficits can suffer from? | Sensory depravation (hypoactive delirium) |
| What are environmental stimuli? | Bed alarms, IV pump alarms, ventilator alarms, overhead pages, air mattresses inflation/ deflation |
| What are internal stimuli? | Pain, lack of sleep, thinking about a new diagnosis and the life consequences |
| What are some examples of information overload stimuli? | Teaching about a new diagnosis, drugs, or treatment |
| Overexposure to environmental, internal, and information overload stimuli can lead to? | Sensory overload (Hyperactive delirium) |
| Anesthesia | Loss of sensation |
| Hyperesthesia | More than normal sensation |
| Hypoesthesia | Less than normal stimulation |
| Paraesthesia | Abnormal sensation (tingling, tickling, pricking, numbness, burning, etc) |
| Graphesthesia | The ability to recognize a letter that is written on the skin through touch |
| What can changes in sensation be the result of | Neurological (brain or spinal cord issues) or nerve damage such as diabetic neuropathy |
| Stereognosis | The ability to recognize a common object through just the use of touch |
| What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) responsible for? | Receiving and transmitting information from and about the external environment and communicating that information to the CNS |
| What is peripheral neuropathy the result of? | When trauma or disease interferes with the stimulation of peripheral nerves |
| List 6 causes of peripheral neuropathy | 1. Diabetic neuropathy 2. Infections (Lyme disease, HIV) 3. B1 or B12 deficiency 4. Alcoholism/ alcohol abuse 5. Inflammation/ swelling (Carpal tunnel syndrome) 6. Guillain-Barré syndrome |
| What is Guillain-Barré syndrome? | Acute inflammatory disorder characterized by progressive ascending flaccid paralysis. (Paralysis moves from the distal portion of an extremity to a more medial part) |
| What can happen in severe cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome? | Paralysis reaches the lungs, creating a need for mechanical ventilation |
| What are the 2 types of nerve fibers? | Sensory and motor |
| What symptoms would motor nerve damage cause? | Muscle weakness, cramps, fasciculations, muscle loss |
| What symptoms would sensory nerve damage cause? | Numbness, burning or shooting pain, and impaired touch, temp, and pain sensation |
| 4 treatments for peripheral neuropathy | - surgery - pharmacological therapy -PT/OT - lifestyle changes |
| What 2 categories of medications can you give for peripheral neuropathy? | Pain meds and anticonvulsants |
| What pain meds are given for peripheral neuropathy | NSAIDS and lidocaine patches |
| What anticonvulsants are given for peripheral neuropathy (6) | -Carbamazepine (Tegretol) -Gabapentin (neurontin) -Pregabalin (Lyrica) -Topiramate (Toyamax) -Tricyclic antidepressants: Amitriptyline (Elavil) -Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): Duloxetine (Cymbalta) |
| How long does it take for tricyclic antidepressants and SNRI’s to reach a therapeutic range? | 4-6 weeks |
| Side effects of tricyclic antidepressants and SNRI’s | Dizziness, nausea, and decreased appetite |
| Why is loss of taste or smell a safety risk? | Can’t smell smoke, poison, gas, or spoiled food or taste spoiled food |
| Most common cause of lost of taste or smell? | Respiratory illnesses (common cold, sinus infection, COVID-19, etc) |
| Accommodation | Ability of the eye to adjust focal length |
| Amblyopia | lazy eye, one eye with reduced vision |
| Initial treatment for amblyopia | Utilization of an eye patch over the good eye, which forces the lazy eye to work |
| Hyperopia | Farsightedness |
| Myopia | Nearsightedness |
| Presbyopia | Impaired vision due to aging and loss of elasticity of the lens |
| Diplopia | Double vision |
| Convergence | Medial rotation of both eyeballs so that each is directed toward the viewed object |
| Corneal reflex | Blinking in response to corneal irritation |
| What can failure of the corneal reflex indicate? | Neurological disorder |
| Exophthalmos | Protruding eyeballs |
| What is exophthalmos related to? | Hyperthyroid conditions |
| Nystagmus | Involuntary rapid eye movement |
| Ptosis | Dropping of the eyelid |
| vertigo | A feeling of rotation or imbalance |
| Monochromacy | Color blindness |
| Strabismus | Cross eyed |
| Who is open-angle glaucoma most prevalent among? | African American and Hispanic ethnicities |
| Who is macular degeneration most prevalent among? | Alaska Natives and Indigenous populations |
| What is macular degeneration? | Visual impairment due to refractive error |
| What are the 2 visual screening assessments? | Snellen and Rosenbaum charts |
| What do Snellen and Rosenbaum charts test? | Snellen = distance vision Rosenbaum = near vision |
| How far away do you have to be for the Snellen and Rosenbaum tests? | Snellen = 20 feet Rosenbaum = 14 inches |
| True or false: Snellen and Rosenbaum tests can be used for patients with low literacy levels, poor cognition, or developmental delays | FALSE |
| When should children have their vision checked | At least once between the ages of 3-5 |
| When should adults receive a comprehensive eye exam? | 40 years old |
Created by:
ginnyfoscue
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