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Adult Health Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A side effect of this drug class is a dry hacking cough | ACE Inhibitors |
| This drug may cause pulmonary fibrosis | Amiodarone |
| How do you determine pack years for a smoker | Number of packs per day x number of years |
| This fungal infection is found in the Central US and Central America | Histoplasmosis |
| This fungal infection is found in Southwestern US, Mexico, and Central America | Coccidioidomycosis |
| What is the main symptom of lung disease | Cough |
| What does the pts. sputum look like if they have an infection | Yellow-green |
| What does the pts. sputum look like if they have pulmonary edema | pink frothy |
| What does the pts. sputum look like if they have chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, or TB | hemoptysis (coughing up blood) |
| What is orthopnea | SOB while lying down |
| Tracheal deviation can be an indicator of what | lung collapse |
| Prolonged expiration is common with what | asthma or COPD |
| Why go asthma and COPD patients present with prolonged expirations | to get rid of the CO2 |
| Decreased movement on one side indicates what | pneumothorax |
| What is crepitus? What is another name for it? | Swelling or crackling around an opening in the lung that sounds like "snap, crackle, pop"; air is trapped in the subQ tissue Subcutaneous emphysema |
| Popping, like hair or velcro--what diseases is this common in? | Crackles--COPD, Bronchitis, Pneumonia |
| Low pitched snoring | Rhonchi |
| Squeaky or musical sounds | Wheeze |
| Rough grating scratching sound | Pleural friction rub |
| What is the minimum target pulse ox for COPD? What is considered life threatening? | 88%; 77% |
| List 4 signs of hypoxia | restlessness, clubbing, weight loss, pallor or cyanosis |
| An inflammation of the bronchioles and alveoli | pneumonia |
| What can cause non infectious pneumonia | aspiration--of food, fluid, vomitus inhalation--toxic gases, chemicals, smoke |
| This results in significant deaths each year especially in the elderly and debilitated | pneumonia |
| What is atelectasis? | collapse of the alveoli |
| This type of pneumonia is community acquired and is more responsive to ABT | strptococcus pneumoniae |
| This type of pneumonia is nosocomial and has a higher mortality rate | pseudomonas |
| Name some at risk populations for pneumonia | Immunocompompromised, pts. with chronic lung disease, elderly, hospitalized or nursing home pts, people w/o flu or pneumonia vaccine, post-op surgery, depressed CNS, pts on mechanical ventilation |
| Alcoholics are at increased risk for what | aspiration pneumonia |
| how often can you get the flu vaccine? the pneumonia vaccine? | every year; every 5 years |
| What is the defining diagnosis for pneumonia | Gram stain and Culture and Sensitivity test from productive sputum |
| What nursing intervention can you implement to keep a pts sputum thin | increase fluid intake (2500-3000 mL) |
| Why would a pts ABG's be taken | to check their O2 and CO2 levels |
| Where else on the body can you put a pulse ox monitor to double check the reading | on the ear or nose |
| Name some common Nsg DX for pneumonia | Ineffective airway clearance, impaired gas exchange, activity intolerance, anxiety, nutrition less than body reqmnts, hyperthermia, FVD, r/f sepsis, pain |
| name some common pharmacological treatments for pneumonia | ABT, nebulized or mdi bronchodilators (albuterol or alupent), decongestants or expectorants (mucomyst or guaifenesin), steroids/nsaids |
| What class of drug would you not give a pt with congestion and why | antihistamines; it will dry the secretions |
| Name some other types of respiratory therapy for pneumonia | percussion, vibration, postural drainage |
| What is the number one intervention by the nurse to prevent the spread of infection? | Wash hands |
| What are two nursing interventions to assist the pt with pneumonia? | TCDB and incentive spirometer |
| How often should the nurse encourage the pt to use the incentive spirometer | 5-10 per hour |
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