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skin and burns
exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the layers of the skin? | epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous |
| what are the different functions of the skin? | temperature control, secretion and absorption, vitamin d production, barrier protection, MIRRORS INTERNAL DISEASE PROCESSES |
| erythema | redness |
| induration | a hardening or thickening of the skin; seen in a positive TB test |
| atrophy of the skin | the thinning or shrinking of the skin cells; CAN OCCUR IN ALL BODY PROCESSES |
| bulla | a large blister; normally what occurs in a burn |
| Telangiectasia | fine irregular red lines that are produced by the dilation of the capillaries; THINK SPIDER VEINS |
| pustule | a papule filled with pus; THINK PIMPLE |
| scale | a fragment of dry skin; peeling or flaking of skin |
| scar | a permanent replacement of normal skin with connective tissue; like after a cut heals this is left |
| What is an ulcer? | the loss of both the epidermis and the dermis layer of the skin (stasis ulcer), or the stomach lining (peptic ulcer) |
| lichenification | hardening or thickening of skin with markings sue to repeated trauma; picking a scab up a lot |
| macule | a flat area of pigmentation; like a freckle |
| nodule | a solid lump greater than 0.5cm in diameter; KNOT ON SKIN |
| papule | a raised well defined lesion less than 0.5cm in diameter; BUG BITE (but not filled w pustule) |
| plaque | a raised flat topped lesion that is greater than 2cm; ECZEMA OR PSORIASIS |
| vesicle | a small blister; FEVER BLISTER OR HERPES |
| wheals/urticaria | transient pale elevated papules with pink margins; ITCHY ALLERGIC RXNS |
| what is albinism? | a genetic disorder that causes a lack of pigmentation in the skin |
| what is vitiligo? | abnormal melanin production causes discolored skin patches |
| what is melasma? | dark macules on the face; typically seen in dark skinned women |
| what is lentigos? | age spots |
| what is xerosis? | dry skin; more easily bruised and damaged |
| what is pruritis? | itching caused by various things; to treat have to know underlying cause |
| what is alopecia? | sudden loss of hair in one are of the scalp |
| what is koilonychia? | the spooning of nails; typically seen in pts that have liver and thyroid problems |
| what is paronychia? | pain and swelling around the folds of the nails |
| what is onychomycosis? | fungal or yeast infection of the nail folds |
| what is onycholysis? | infection that causes the nail plate to separate from the nail beds |
| what is hyperhidrosis? | excessive sweat production caused by pathological issues, brain trauma, or drugs |
| what is anhidrosis? | dimished sweat production |
| In what age group is acne rosacea most common? | middle age |
| what is a hemangioma? | a benign tumor of the blood vessel; seen in 30% of newborns |
| what is a port wine stain? | a permanent blood vessel abnormality; 0.5% population |
| When is a wood light diagnosis used? | to check for for fungi or bacteria on skin using UV (glows) |
| when is skin scraping diagnosis used? | to sample for fungal lesions |
| What is a nevi? | a mole; they come from melanocytes |
| what would make a percieved nevi suspicious? | an irregular shape and varigated color |
| a patient is presenting with a premalignant lesion that is rough, scaly, and in a. red plaque. What are they suffering from? | actinic keratosis |
| What can actinic keratosis develop into? (cancer form) | squamous cell carcinoma |
| what is the most deadly skin cancer and why? | malignant melanoma; because it is benign on the surface of the skin and can metastasize below; ABCDE assessment |
| What is the most common skin cancer? | basal cell carcinoma |
| What are the key symptoms of a superficial burn? | damage only to the epidermis layer of the skin; redness; no blisters; less than 1 week healing |
| what are the key symptoms of a superficial-partial thickness burn? | char of the epidermis and papillary dermis; edema and epidermal blisters; skin wet raw and pink/white; will heal in 3-6 wks |
| what are the key symptoms of deep partial-thickness burns? | through the epidermis and dermis; skin is mottled; blistering |
| what are the key symptoms of a full-thickness burn? | damage to epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, and underlying structures; nerve ending destroyed so pain is rare |
| How is the Rule of 9s used to determine the surface area of a burn? | used pre-hospital and in emergent phase; accurate in adult but not in children |
| How is the Lund and Browder Method used to determine the surface area of a burn? | more precise as body is split into smaller sections |
| What are the three zones of injury in a burn injury? | 1. zone of coagulation 2. zone of stasis 3. zone of hyperemia |
| What is occurring in the zone of coagulation? | this is the deepest point of the injury and has the MOST IRREVERSIBLE DAMAGE |
| what is occurring in the zone of stasis? | decreased tissue perfusion; potentially reversible damage |
| what is occurring in the zone of hyperemia? | this is the outer zone that is reddened because of vasodilation; minimal tissue damage |
| what is compartment syndrome? | pressure int he muscles build to dangerous levels; burns cause this because of the muscle damage caused and the body's response of edema and increased interstitial pressure |
| How can burns lead to sepsis? | most common complication; cellulitis then necrotizing fasciitis then sepsis |
| hoe can burns lead to ARDS? | leading cause of death in sever burn injuries; capillary hyperpermiability causes fluid to leak into alveoli and mechanical ventilation is needed |
| what kinds of burns cause contracture? | deep dermal and full-thickness burns |
| what is hypertrophic scarring? | keloids; raised areas of firm skin |
Created by:
hcollie2
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