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MS III-Hematologic
Chapter 32 Workbook
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anemia | A reduction in the number of RBCs or in the quantity of Hbg |
| Oxygenation | A primary function of the hematologic system |
| Ecchymosis | A purplish skin lesion resulting from blood leaking outside the blood vessels |
| Orthostatic vital sign changes | Changes in blood pressure and pulse as a person moves from lying to sitting to standing positions |
| Petechia | A small (1-3 mm) red or reddish-purple spot on the skin resulting from blood capillaries breaking and leaking small amounts of blood into the tissues |
| Purpura | Red or reddish-purple skin lesions 3 mm or more in size that results from blood leaking outside of the blood vessels |
| Universal Donor | Person with type O-negative blood who can donate blood to anyone because none of the common antigens are present in the blood |
| Universal Recipient | Person with AB positive blood who can receive transfusions with any type of blood because all of the common antigens (A, B, rh) are present in the blood |
| Hemostasis | Control of bleeding |
| Anemia that results from complete failure of bone marrow | Aplastic anemia |
| Condition in which too many RBCs are produced | Polycythemia vera |
| Anemia that occurs when a person does not absorb Vitamin B12 from the stomach | Pernicious anemia |
| Anemia that is a genetic disease that is carried on a recessive gene | Sickle cell anemia |
| Anemia in which the patient has high levels of bilirubin in their blood? | Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
| Anemia in which the blood becomes more viscous and does not circulate freely throughout the body | Polcythemia vera |
| Anemia that can be caused by drugs (such as streptomycin and chloramphenicol) and exposure to toxic chemicals and radiation | Aplastic anemia |
| Anemia in which misshapen RBCs become fragile and rupture easily | Sickle cell anemia |
| Anemia in which the bone marrow makes adequate amount of blood cells, but they are destroyed once they are released into the circulation | Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
| Anemia that results from diet low in iron or inability of the body to absorb enough iron from the GI tract | Iron deficiency anemia |
| In what ways does the body compensate when a patient is anemic with chronic blodo loss? | Increased HR/resp rate/production of erythropoietin. Blood redistributed away from the skin/GI tract/kidneys and directed toward the heart and brain |
| What are the signs and symptoms of thrombocytopenia? | Petechiae, gingival bleeding, epitaxis, purpura, or any unusual/prolonged bleeding |
| How is the diagnosis for Thrombocytopenia made? | Blood tests and bone marrow biopsy |
| What is the treatment for Thrombocytopenia? | Transfusion of platelets |
| How is the diagnosis for Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) made? | PT and PTT |
| How is Hemophilia treated? | Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma or cryoprecipitate |
| Genetic disease in which a person lacks blood clotting factors normally found in the plasma | Hemophilia |
| What is iron dextran used for? | Replace Iron |
| What is Epoetin alfa used for? | Stimulates the bone marrow to produce RBCs |
| How is autoimmune hemolytic anemia treated? | Corticosteroids and blood transfusions |
| What is the treatment for aplastic anemia? | Transfusions, antibiotics and corticosteroids |
| What is the treatment for sickle cell crisis? | Aggressive IV hydration and IV morphine |
| For each unit of packed RBCs transfused, the patient's Hgb should increase: | 1 g/dL |
| Patients with low RBC count may have the following change in vital signs? | Tachycardia or Tachypnea |
| If a patient with anemia is orthostatic and tilt positive, what should be increased: | Fluids |
| Once blood is picked up from the blood bank, the transfusion should be started within: | 30 minutes |
| PLatelets are generally administered when the level count drops under: | 20,000/mm |
| If platelets are ordered before a procedure, such as lumbar puncture or endoscopy, to prevent postprocedure bleeding, when should the platelets be administered: | Immediately before the procedure |
| What are the four types of blood transfusion reactions? | Hemolytic, anaphylactic, circulatory overload and febrile |
| Feverfew, garlic and ginko ae herbs that affect: | blood clotting |
| What is the role of the spleen related to the hemtologic system? | Removes old blood cells from circulation |
| How many liters od blood circulating through the body does a healthy adult have? | 6 Liters |
| What is the most common site for a bone marrow biopsy | Posterior iliac crest |
| Series of events that occur in the process of blood clotting | Coagulation cascade |
| Which bone marrow sites produce the majority of RBCs and platelets | Vertebrae, Ribs, skull, humerous, Sternum and pelvis |
| What is the function of the liver related to hemologic system? | Manufactures clotting factors and clears RBC from circulation |
| What are the antigens found on the cell membranes of RBCs | A, B and RH antigens |
| What are the nursing actions for the patients at risk for injury from low RBC counts? | Administer o2/blood products/erythopoietin as prescribed, provide extra blankets if cool, allow for rest between activities, elevate HOB, educate patient and family on fall risks |
| What are the nursing actions from the patient who is at risk for bleeding? | Avoid IM, use soft bristled toothbrush, avoid rectal entry items (enemas/suppository), administer blood as ordered, use electric razor, avoid drugs that interfere with platelet function |
| What foods are high in iron? | Fish, dark green veges, red meats, beans, dried fruits |
| What characteristics may indicate an underlying hematologic disorder? | Esay bruising, chronic fatigue, periods of unusually long bleeding |
| What causes the pain in sickle cell anemia? | Circulation is obstructed and tissue hypoxia occurs |
| What are signs and symtoms related to stressors that can trigger a sickle cell crisis? | Infection, dehydration, overexertion, cold weather changes, smoking and excessive alcohol use |
| How long do sickle cell crisis typically last? | 1-10 days |
| What is commonly prescribed for pain relief during a sickle cell crisis? | Morphine |
| Why is aggressive IV hydration indicated during sickle cell crisis? | It helps the kidneys clear the metabolic waste from the ruptured RBCs |
| If a patient has no A or B antigens, what is their blood type? | O |
| When assessing a patient, you notice multiple ecchymoses and petechiae. This would lead you to suspect a deficiency in: | Platelets |
| While receiving a blood transfusion, a patient complains of chest/back pain and chills. You would: | Stop the transfusion |
| Sickle cell crisis occurs when: | Sickled cells form clumps that obstruct blood flow |
Created by:
Tarian1023
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