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Unit 1: Lecture 2

Introduction to Science, Ethics, and Sustainability

TermDefinition
science comes from the Latin work "scientia" meaning “knowledge”. It is an inquiry-based exploration of the natural world, based on observed knowledge.
deductive reasoning relies on knowledge of general principles to develop testable hypotheses to explain a specific event
inductive reasoning extrapolates a general principle from a specific set of observations due to context or relationship
natural sciences are scientific fields that study the physical world and the phenomena and processes of the universe and nature
Empiricism We can learn about the world by careful observation of empirical phenomena
Uniformitarianism Basic patterns and processes are uniform across time and space
Parsimony When two plausible explanations are equally reasonable, the simpler (more parsimonious) one is preferable; this rule is also known as Ockham’s razor
Uncertainty Knowledge changes as new evidence appears, and explanations change with new evidence
Repeatability Tests and experiments should be repeatable
Proof is elusive We rarely expect science to provide absolute proof that a theory is correct, because new evidence may always undermine our current understanding
Testable questions To find out whether a theory is correct, it must be tested
Created by: summer.mueller
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