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Patho FINAL
Weeks 9 to 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A patient has hypersplenism. How should the nurse explain this to the patient? In this disease, which is related to the spleen, the spleen is: | overacting |
| A patient has a thrombosis. While reviewing the history, the nurse found the patient has atherosclerosis. To which component of the Virchow triad does the atherosclerosis correlate? | Endothelial injury |
| A patient asks the nurse about the best treatment for multiple myeloma? How should the nurse respond? | Chemotherapy |
| A patient has heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Which condition is a priority to assess? | Pulmonary embolism |
| Which concept should the nurse include when describing the pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura? | Schizocytes/Schistocytes |
| A patient has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which laboratory report should the nurse monitor closely in this patient? | Lymphocyte counts |
| A nurse is asked why patients with liver disease typically have bleeding problems. What is the nurse’s best answer? The bleeding problems are the result of: | thrombocytopenia and abnormal platelet functioning. |
| A patient has non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). When the nurse is reviewing the history, which finding is a risk factor for NHL? | Organ transplant 2 years ago |
| When a nurse observes a platelet count of 9,000/mm3, which condition must the nurse monitor for in this patient? | Spontaneous bleeding |
| A primary care provider tells the nurse that a patient has a shift to the left. Which type of patient will the nurse be caring for? A patient with a: | bacterial infection. |
| Which of the following guidelines from the Seventh Joint National Committee Report (JNC VII), should the nurse use to determine normal blood pressure in a patient? | Systolic pressure less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mm Hg |
| A nurse is teaching about obesity and adipokines. Which information should the nurse include? Obesity causes a decrease of: | adiponectin. |
| A nurse is asked what causes Prinzmetal angina. How should the nurse respond? Prinzmetal angina is caused by: | vasospasm |
| A patient has orthostatic hypotension. Which activity will require close observation by the nurse? When the patient: | stands up. |
| Which principle should the nurse use to guide nursing care for a patient with aortic stenosis? Aortic stenosis results in the incomplete emptying of the: | left ventricle. |
| If a patient's history indicates that the cardiac valve disease is autosomal dominant, which diagnosis will the nurse observe written in the chart? | Mitral valve prolapse |
| Which laboratory results will cause the nurse to suspect coronary artery disease (CAD) in a patient? | Elevated level of LDL and decreased level of HDL |
| Mitogens, such as angiotensin II, and growth factors stimulate: | smooth muscle proliferation. |
| Which statement indicates that the nurse needs more teaching about complications of sustained hypertension? One complication of sustained hypertension is: | anemia. |
| If a patient has secondary hypertension, the nurse realizes that the patient has an abnormal blood pressure caused by: | an underlying disease. |
| A patient has adenocarcinoma of the lungs. What type of cancer does this patient have? | A tumor arising from the lung glands |
| Underlying the pathophysiology of ARDS is massive pulmonary: | inflammation. |
| A patient has recently developed chronic bronchitis. Which assessment finding is typical for this patient? | Productive cough |
| A patient asks the nurse what is most closely associated with the development of lung cancer? How should the nurse respond? | Cigarette smoking |
| A nurse recalls that a high ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio can be caused by: | obstruction to pulmonary blood flow. |
| A patient has a decreased drive to breathe. Which condition should the nurse monitor for in this patient? | Hypercapnia |
| A patient has a pneumothorax. Which action by the nurse is most important for this patient? | Monitoring the chest tube |
| Which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor for in a patient with hypoventilation? | Hypercapnia |
| Which term will the nurse use to describe hypertrophy of the nailbeds due to chronic hypoxemia? | Clubbing |
| A patient has well-ventilated alveoli, but the alveoli are not perfused because of a thrombus. Which term should the nurse use to describe this condition? | Alveolar dead space |
| Which of the following patients is most at risk for the development of renal cell carcinoma? | A obese male patient |
| The nurse is assessing patients for the development of acute pyelonephritis. Which factor places the patient at highest risk of developing acute pyelonephritis? | urinary obstruction |
| A patient has an acute kidney injury. Which intervention will the nurse incorporate into a plan of care for this patient? | Correcting fluid and electrolyte balance |
| The nurse is assessing the patient for overactive bladder syndrome. Which of the following will help confirm the diagnosis? | Nocturia |
| Which of the following dietary nutrients should be restricted when the patient has renal failure/ chronic kidney disease? | Protein |
| The nurse practitioner suspects nephrotic syndrome, Which of the following should the nurse order to confirm her diagnosis? | 24-hour urine collection |
| The nurse is describing the pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis. Which of the following mechanisms represent a major component of both primary and secondary glomerular injury? | antigen-antibody complexes that deposit within the glomerulus |
| The nurse is assessing a patient with bladder cancer. Which of the following is a typical finding for patients with bladder cancer? | Hematuria |
| The patient is diagnosed with kidney stones. The nurse practitioner recommends using ultrasound waves to break large renal calculi into smaller stones that can be passed through the urinary tract. Which procedure is the nurse practitioner discussing? | Lithotripsy |
| Which microorganism will the nurse most likely observe on the report of a patient who has developed a urinary tract infection (UTI)? | Escherichia coli |
| A patient has galactorrhea. Which area is the priority during patient assessment? | Breast |
| Benign ovarian cysts are classified as: | follicular, corpus luteum/luteal, or dermoid. |
| A patient has a cystocele. What other condition should the nurse assess for in this patient? | Stress incontinence |
| A patient has vaginal cancer. While the nurse is obtaining the history from the patient, the nurse will find that the patient was most likely exposed to: | DES. |
| Which intervention will the nurse incorporate in a plan of care for a patient with benign breast disease? | Monitor intake of caffeine and chocolate |
| What complication will the nurse monitor for in a patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome? | Infertility |
| A female patient has painful intercourse. Which term should the nurse use to describe this condition? | Dyspareunia |
| Which intervention will the nurse incorporate in a plan of care for a patient with benign breast disease? | Monitor intake of caffeine and chocolate |
| Which term should the nurse use when describing the occurrence of sexual maturation in girls before the age of 8 and in boys before the age of 9? | Precocious puberty |
| Risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer include: | obesity, early menarche, and late menopause. |
| Which of the following complications will cause the most concern for a nurse who is caring for a patient with a paraesophageal hiatal hernia? | Strangulation |
| A patient has a mechanical intrinsic obstruction of the esophagus. The nurse will be providing care to a patient with: | an esophageal stricture. |
| Which assessment finding is common in a patient with Crohn's disease? | Vitamin B |
| Gastrectomy surgery commonly leads to a vitamin B12 deficiency anemia because: | decreased intrinsic factor production results in decreased vitamin B |
| Which information should the nurse include when describing the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis? Tissue damage in acute pancreatitis is caused by: | leakage of pancreatic enzymes into pancreatic tissue. |
| The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis is: | alcohol abuse. |
| A nurse is asked what can cause liver cirrhosis. What is the nurse's best response? Common causes of liver cirrhosis are hepatitis C and: | alcoholism. |
| A patient newly diagnosed with reflux esophagitis asks the nurse what this disease is. The nurse should identify that reflux esophagitis is defined as: | an inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux. |
| Which statement indicates that the nurse has a good understanding of portal hypertension? The most common cause of portal hypertension is: | liver cirrhosis. |
| Which of the following will be an initial assessment finding for a stress ulcer in a patient who sustained severe trauma? | Gastrointestinal bleeding |
Created by:
BethPromise99
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