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apes unit 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are depletable renewable resources? | can run out if overused |
| what are nondepletable renewable resources? | do not run out if overused |
| examples of depletable renewable resources | biomass, wood, charcoal, ethanol |
| examples of nondepletable renewable resources | solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal |
| what is rate of consumption? | rate of use must be at or below rate of regeneration for renewables |
| who uses more energy per capita? | developed nations |
| who uses more energy in total? | developing nations |
| what is the most common fuel source globally? | fossil fuels |
| what is the main fuel for electricity generation? | coal |
| what is the secondary fuel for electricity generation?n | natural gas |
| what is the main fuel for heating? | natural gas |
| what is the second largest source? | hydroelectric energy |
| what is the third largest source? | nuclear |
| what is nuclear energy? | uranium fission releases heat to turn energy into steam to turn a turbine to generate electricity |
| what is a popular source for less developed nations? | subsistence fuels |
| what are subsistence fuels? | biomass that they can easily gather and purchase |
| examples of subsistence fuels | wood, charcoal, dried animal manure |
| what can the use of subsistence fuels drive? | deforestation |
| as developing nations increase, what will also increase? | fossil fuel consumption |
| what are factors that affect energy source use? | availability, price, and government regulation |
| what does fracking open? | new natural gas reserves, increasing availability, decrease price, and increasing use |
| what can government not control about energy? | cannot raise or lower prices of energy sources |
| what can government control about energy? | tax increases to discourage companies from building FF power plants, rebates (tax credits) to encourage companies building renewable energy power plants |
| what is peat? | partially decomposed organic matter found in wet, acidic ecosystems like bogs and moors |
| how is coal formed? | pressure from overlaying rock ad sediment layers compact peat into coal over time |
| order of energy density and quality | lignite, bituminous, anthracite |
| what determines coal's energy quality? | the deeper it's buried, the more pressure and the more energy dense |
| how do we get energy from coal? | coal is buried to heat water into steam, to turn a turbine that generates electricity |
| what are the characteristics of more dense coal? | hotter and longer fire > more steam > more electricity |
| what is natural gas? | decaying remains of plants and animals are buried under laters of rock and converted by pressure into oil and natural gas over time |
| what is natural gas mostly made of? | methane (CH4) |
| where is natural gas found? | on top of trapped oil deposits |
| what is considered the cleanest fossil fuel and produces the fewest air pollutants? | natural gas |
| why is natural gas considered the cleaned fossil fuel? | produces 1/2 as much CO2 as coal, produces no PM (ash/soot), produces far less Sox, NOx, and no mercury |
| what is crude oil? | decaying organic matter trapped under rock layers is compressed into oil over time |
| how is crude oil extracted? | by drilling a well through the rock to reach the underground deposit and then pumping liquid oil out under pressure |
| what is another way to extract crude oil? | from tar sands |
| what are tar sands made of? | clay, sand, water, and bitumen |
| what is bitumen? | thick, sticky, semi-solid form of petroleum (not liquid) |
| which extraction process if extremely energy and water intensive? | extracting and using oil |
| why is extracting oil extremely energy and water intensive? | lots of water needs to be heated to create steam that's piped down into the tar sand to melt to bitumen into a liquid that can flow up a pipe |
| what is fractional distillation? | crude oil is converted into lots of different products |
| what can you use hydrocarbons from oil to make? | petroleum gas, gasoline, naphtha, jet fuel, diesel fuel, motor oil, bitumen |
| how does crude oil produce hydrocarbons? | crude oil is burned in a furnace and vapor passes into a column where hydrocarbons are separated based on their boiling points |
| hat is hydraulic fracturing or fracking? | method of natural gas extraction that has extended access to natural gas |
| how is gas trapped in rock (shale) released? | by cracking the rock with pressurized water |
| what increases and extends supply of natural gas? | fracking from shale |
| what are tar or oil sands? | bitumen deposits where crude oil can be recovered but with higher water and energy inputs |
| what is the worlds largest oil sands reserve? | Canada (Alberta region) |
| what does the reaction between O2 and fossil fuels (hydrocarbons) do? | releases energy asa heat and produces CO2 and H2O |
| what are the steps of electricity generation? | heat > water into steam > steam turns a turbine > turbine powers generator > generator produces electricity |
| energy environmental consequences | habitat destruction, produces pollutants releases CO2, leads to global warming |
| which fossil fuels releases the most CO2? | coal |
| the release of what can irritate respiratory tracts of humans and animals? | particulate matter (ash and soot) |
| what does coal combine with to produce toxic ash? | lead, mercury, and arsenic |
| what does coal release that irritates respiratory systems and contribute to smog and acid precipitation? | Sox and NOx |
| how efficient is coal as a fuel source for generating electricity? | ~30% efficient |
Created by:
meliahamlin
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