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The Defence System

The immune system, antigens, antibodies, lymphocytes etc

QuestionAnswer
What is a pathogen? An organism that causes disease
Define immunity The ability to resist infection
What is induced immunity? the ability to resist disease by producing antibodies caused by antigens
What is active immunity? a person makes their own antibodies
What is passive immunity? foreign antibodies are introduced to the body
Name a difference between active and passive immunity Active- long term immunity Passive- short term immunity
Name the two defence systems the general defence system and the specific defence system
What is an antigen? a foreign molecule that stimulates the production of antibodies
What is an antibody? a protein produced by lymphocytes in response to a specific antigen
Name the two types of white blood cell Monocytes and lymphocytes
What do monocytes develop into? Macrophages
What do monocytes do Destroy pathogens and display antigens on their membranes
Where are lymphocytes formed and where are they active? Formed in the bone marrow and active in the lymphatic tissue
Where do T-cells mature? In the thymus gland
Where do B-cells mature? In the bone marrow
What does the general defence system do? Acts as a barrier against all pathogens entering the body
Give examples of the 1st line of defence in the general defence system skin (physical barrier), blood clotting, respiratory tract (lined with cilia and mucous), HCL in stomach, lysozyme (enzyme in sweat, tears and saliva), nose hairs etc
What are defence proteins? Proteins that destroy viruses and pathogens
What do interferons do? They prevent viral multiplication
What in the body attracts white blood cells? Inflammation, swelling, redness, heat, pain
What are big phagocytes called? Macrophages
What is the 2nd line of defence in the general defence system? Phagocytic white blood cells
What do phagocytes do? They surround and ingest/engulf their prey (pathogens)
What are the four types of T-cell? Helper T-cells, Killer T-cells, Suppressor T-cells and Memory T-cells
What is the function of Helper T-cells? Stimulate B-cells and Killer T-cells
What is the function of Killer T-cells? They cause abnormal cells to burst by producing perforin
What is the function of Suppressor T-cells? They turn off the immune response
What is the function of Memory T-cells? Stimulate B-cells and Killer T-cells
What are the two types of B-cells? Plasma B-cells and Memory B-cells
What do Plasma B-cells do? Multiply to make antibodies
What do Memory B-cells do? Live on after infection to prevent re-infection
What does the specific defence system do? Acts against only specific/particular types of pathogens
How does the specific defence system work? Acts by forming antibodies and by killing infected cells
What is another name for the specific defence system? The immune system
Name two ways antibodies are produced in the body in active immunity Pathogens naturally enter the body and antigens are artificially placed in the body (vaccination)
Name two ways antibodies are produced to the body in passive immunity Baby getting antibodies from placenta or mothers milk and getting an injection of foreign antibodies
Created by: sjbuzb
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