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Exam 4
DM-II, Sleep, F/E, HF, O2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gas exchange is the primary function of this lung structure? | Alveoli |
| These 3 interventions are very effective at preventing pneumonia? | Cough, turn, and deep breath |
| This condition is often times the earliest sign of hypoxia? | Confusion and restlessness |
| Why an elderly person receive the PNA vaccine and the flu vaccine? | Flu works on the influenzas virus and pneumonia works on the common cause of bacterial PNA |
| A low level for this lab value may result in hypoxia? | hemoglobin (anemia) |
| This simple task is important for nurses to teach their HF patients? | Daily Weighing |
| This head and neck assessment finding warrants further evaluation? | JVD |
| This classification of medication should be given to Heart failure patients with low ejection fractions? | Beta blockers |
| Heart failure patients must do this if their weight increases overnight? | Call provider |
| This lab result is the most specific lab for Heart failure patients? | BNP |
| A diabetic patient with HgA1C or glycosylated hemoglobin level less than this, has good control over their diabetes? | 5.5 |
| These issues can cause blood sugars to rise in Diabetics? | Stress, illness, medications like prednisone, surgery, IV fluids with dextrose, poor diet |
| This common medication can raise anybody’s blood sugar, even if they are not diabetic? | Prednisone |
| Insulin glargine Lantus can be mixed with other insulins to save the patient from extra injections true or false? | False |
| Name foot care methods for diabetics. | Not using your foot to test the water temperature, checking your daily weight, no heating pads to the feet, wear well-fitting shoes, dry feet fully, no lotion between toes, |
| Herbal medications go through the same strict testing procedures as the other medications true or false? | False |
| Name things we can do to help a patient in the hospital. | Keep the client awake during the day, keeping quiet in the hallways, give pain meds before bed, make sure bed is nice and clean |
| Sleep allows the bodies tissues to do this? | Restore/repair |
| Types of high sodium foods. | Dairy processed foods, soups, deli meat, restaurant foods, anything canned |
| Signs of fluid overload. | Edema in hands and feet, difficulty breathing, crackles, sudden weight gain |
| Signs of fluid deficit (dehydration) | Rapid weight loss, tachycardia, hypotension, dry mucus membranes, tenting, dizziness/lightheadedness |
| Tenting on the back of the hand means poor skin turgor true or false? | False |
| What levels of BUN and Creatinine would we see in dehydration? | Elevated BUN (7-20 mg/dL) and Normal Creatinine (0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL) |
| Very common side effect of diuretics (non-potassium sparing), but can also be deadly? | Hypokalemia |
| This lab result can occur with anything that happens to the neck region? | Hypocalcemia |
| These 2 assessment findings/complaints can occur with hypocalcemia? | Tingling and tetany spasms |
| These three lab values tell us the nourishment status of our patients? | Calcium, albumin, and pre-albumin |
| Hyperkalemia is often caused by kidney issues. What kind of kidney issues/cause of kidney issues could cause hyperkalemia? | Medication that can hurt kidneys, kidney failure caused by low blood pressure, kidney issues due to infections or stones |
| Interventions for hypovolemia | Encourage fluids, IV fluids, oral & skin care, manage NVD, educate, blood transfusions |
| Interventions for hypervolemia | Elevate HOB, daily wt, elevate extremities, skin care, admin diuretics, monitor I&Os, restrict fluids, compression (e.g., ace bandage, TED hose) |
| S/Sx Hypovolemia | Weakness, fatigue, dizziness, polydipsia |
| Sodium lab levels | 135-145 mEq/L |
| Abnormal sodium levels indicate. | water/sodium imbalance |
| This hormone promotes Na reabsorption by renal tubules. | aldosterone |
| Role of sodium in body. | aids in generation & transmission of nerve impulses |
| Causes of hyponatremia. | GI loss (diarrhea and vomiting), diuretics, sweating |
| Lab value for hyponatremia | < 135 mEq/L |
| S/Sx of Hyponatremia | NVD, Sz, coma, decreased DTR, confusion, lethargy, trouble concentrating, Low BP & bowel sounds, polyuria, tachycardia, HA. |
| Hyponatremia interventions | Monitor: HR, RR, GI, Renal, Neuro. Admin. IV hypertonic fluids (downside: hard on veins and increases risk of FVE), restrict fluids. |
| Lab value for Hypernatremia | >145 mEq/L |
| Causes of hypernatremia | Na intake, conc. enteral feedings, IV fluids w/ excess NaCl or sodium bicarb., primary hyperaldosteronism, saltwater near drowning, water loss (NVD), |
| Most common cause of hypernatremia is | water loss |
| Examples of water loss | excess sweating, NVD, Low water intake, diabetes |
| S/Sx of Hypernatremia | dry, swollen tongue & mucus membranes, flushed skin, intense thrist, fever, hypotension, restlessness, agitation, twitching, irritability, Sz. |
| Foods to limit when pt is hypernatremic | Processed foods: canned goods, frozen dinners, fried foods, lunch meats (hotdogs, ham, salami), chips |
| Lab values for potassium | 3.5-5.0 mEq/L |
| Lab values for hypokalemia | <3.5 mEq/L |
| Lab values for hyperkalemia | > 5.0 mEq/L |
| Lab values for Calcium | 8.2-10.2 mEq/L |
| Lab values for hypocalcemia | < 8.2 mEq/L |
| Lab values for hypercalcemia | >10.2 mEq/L |
| Lab values for phosphorus | 2.5-4.5 mg/dL |
| Lab values for hypophosphatemia | < 2.5 mg/dL |
| Lab values for hyperphosphatemia | > 4.5 mg/dL |
| Lab values for magnesium | 1.3-2.3 mEq/L |
| Lab values for hypomagnesemia | <1.3 mEq/L |
| Lab values for hypermagnesemia | > 2.3 mEq/L |
| Lab values for chloride | 97-107 mEq/L |
Created by:
jescob22
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