Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biol 1610 test 5
DSC DWS, BIO 1610
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| unpacked DNA, found in this form 90% of the time. Forms into chromosomes in preparation for cell division | Chromatin |
| The structure of DNA, two nanometers wide | Double Helix |
| Blocks of 8 Histones and 2 loops of DNA | Nucleosomes (Beads on a string) |
| 30 nanometer fiber, forces DNA to wind and scrunch up | Tight Helical Fiber |
| 300 nanometer fiber, DNA is looped on a protein scaffold | Looped Domains |
| 700 nanometer wide structure, comprising 1/2 a chromosome | Chromatid |
| Packed DNA, found in nucleus immediately prior to cell division | Chromosomes |
| the center point of a chromosome, made of two kinetochores | Centromere |
| the center point of a chromatid, two combine to form a centromere | kinetochore |
| two chromosomes that code for the same genes. Identical in structure. 1 from each parent | Homologous Pair |
| have 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes | human females |
| have 22 homologous pairs of chromosomes + an x and y chromosome | human males |
| # of sets of chromosomes | ploidy |
| half of a diploid. Found in sex cells and lower order plants | haploid |
| contains two sets of chromosomes | diploid |
| contains 3 sets of chromosomes, found in plants, and one animal | triploid |
| four sets of chromosomes, only in plants | tetraploid |
| greater than four sets of homologous chromosomes | polyploid |
| process that occurs by nondysjunction | polyploidy |
| studied movement of chromosomes in plants during mitosis | Eduard Strasburger |
| Studied movement of chromosomes in animals during mitosis. Coined the terms, chromatin, mitosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. | Walther Flemming |
| Coined the term Chromosome | Wilhelm Waldeyer |
| Tried to explain how cells divide. Said that parts must disassemble, separate, and reassmble | Wilhelm Roux |
| distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotes (Bacteria & Archaea). | no nucleus, one circular chromosome |
| Cell division in prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea). Chromosome replicates, and cell splits in two | binary fission |
| Distinguishing characteristics of eukaryotes | Nucleus, multiple chromosomes (non circular). |
| approximately 60 trillion of these cells in your body | somatic or body cells |
| results in 2 daughter cells, identical to their parent cell. Used for growth, repair, and replacement in multicelled orgs. and reproduction in single celled orgs. | Somatic or body cell division |
| reproduction in multicelled organisms. Creation of cells with half the cells of the parent cells. Every new cell completely unique | sex cell division |
| male gametes | sperm |
| female gametes | ova or egg |
| Interphase, Nuclear Division, and Cytokinesis | Somatic Cell Division |
| the same for somatic or sex cells, up to 90% of the cell life in this form | Interphase |
| part of interphase, increase in proteins and organelles, increase in cell size. | Gap or Growth Phase I (G1) |
| DNA synthesis or replication: transforming of a single chromatid chromosome into a double chromatid chromosome. | Synthesis phase (S) |
| More increase in proteins and organellesmore increase in cell size | Gap or Growth phase II. (G2) |
| Somatic cell nuclear division up to 10% of the cell cycle | Mitosis |
| Part of mitosis, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, centrioles form in animals, not in plant cells. Mitotic spindles begin to form at the poles | Prophase |
| the end of Prophase, nuclear envelope and nucleus disappear, microtubules extend from the poles to the kinetochores | Prometaphase |
| Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate | Metaphase |
| Chromatids are separated, attached microtubules shorten and move to the poles, unattached microtubles lengthen the cell | Anaphase |
| Elongation of microtubles continues, nuclear envelope begins to form around the chromosomes, the mitotic spindle disappears | Telophase |
| Division of cyoplasm and its contents | Cytokinesis |
| pinching of the cell membrane to divide. (Animals and related organisms w/o cell walls use this) | cleavage furrow |
| Vesicles full of cellulose or other polysaccharides and pectin bud from the Golgi Apparatus to form a new cell wall. (Plants, fungi, and related orgs. w/ a cell wall use this) | Cell plate |
| Uses the following steps, interphae, meiosis I, cyokinesis I, meiosis II, cytokinesis II | sex cell division |
| Sex cell nuclear division I | Meiosis I |
| up to 90 % of meiosis I. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Chromosomes are attached to the nuclear membrane. centrioles form (in animal cells only). Meiotic spindles begin to form at the poles. | Prophase I |
| The end of Prophase I. nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear, microtubles extend from the poles to the kinetochores. | Prometaphase I |
| Part of prophase I. Tetrads or homologous pairs come together | Synapsis |
| part of synapsis, where chromosomes exchange segments at the chiasmas. Ensures genetic diversity in sex cells | crossing over |
| Part of Meiosis I. Homologous pairs line up along the metaphase plate (rows of two). | Metaphase I |
| Part of Meiosis I. The homologous pairs are separated. Attached microtubules shorten and move up to the poles. Unattached microtubules lengthen the cell. | Anaphase I |
| part of meiosis I. Elongation of microtubules continues. Nuclear envelope begins to form around the chromosomes. The Meiotic spindle disappears | Telophase I |
| Part of Sex Cell formation. First division of cytoplasm and its contents | Cytokinesis I |
| Sex cell nuclear division II. (Identical to Mitosis). | Meiosis II |
| Part of Meiosis II, Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Centrioles form (animals only) meiotic spindles begin to form at the poles | Prophase II |
| The end of Prophase II. Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear. Microtubles extend from the poles to the kinetochores | Prometaphase II |
| Part of Meiosis II. Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate. (single file) | Metaphase II |
| Part of Meiosis II. Chromatids are separated. Attached microtubles shorten and move to the poles. Unattached microtubules lengthen the cell. | Anaphase II |
| Part of Meiosis II. Elongation of microtubules continues. Nuclear envelopes begin to form around the chromosomes. The Mitotic spindle disappears | Telophase II |
| part of sex cell division. Second Division of cytoplasm and its contents | Cytokinesis II |
| Each of the daughter cells resulting from this process is genetically unique and is a haploid | Sex Cell formation |
| Process for growth and development, reproduction of single celled organisms. Results in two identical diploid cells | Mitosis |
| Formation of 4 unique haploid cells, (egg and sperm, respectively) | Meiosis |
Created by:
thegr8ace
Popular Biology sets