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Biology Unit 1
Lecture 1, 2, and 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the characteristics of life? | The criteria that need to be met in order for something to be considered living. |
| What is the criteria that needs to be met in order for something to be considered living? | Order, have a cellular structure Respond to stimuli Reproduce Adapt - change over time in response to their environment Grow - increase in size of cells or number of cells Self |
| What is Organization of Living Things? | How living things are put together |
| Chemical Level or Organization | atoms come together to form molecules that are the building blocks of life |
| Cellular Level or Organization | cells contain organelles and are the autonomous unit of life |
| Tissue Level of Organization | tissues contain many types of cells and perform a specific function in an organism |
| Organ Level of Organization | contain many types of tissues and perform a specific function |
| Organism | the entire living entity |
| Populations and Communities | Multiple organisms living together |
| Ecosystems and the Biosphere | an ecosystem is a defined area and includes all living and non-living attributes and multiple ecosystems come together to form the biosphere (the earth) |
| Taxonomy | how living things are classified and grouped together |
| How are living things grouped together | based on similarities |
| Living things are divided into two types of cells | prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells |
| Large, more complex cells (ex: Human) | Eukaryotes |
| small, simple cells | Prokaryotes |
| Levels of classification in order from most broad to most specific | kingdom phylum class order family genus species |
| has a small number of criteria that have to be met to fit into the level of classification. There are many, many organisms in that level of classification | broad levels of classification |
| have more criteria that have to be met and less organisms in that level of classification | specific levels of classification |
| organisms are autotrophs (they make their own food) and they have a cell wall | Plantae |
| organisms are heterotrophs (they rely on other organisms for food) and they lack a cell wall | Animalia |
| organisms are heterotrophs and they have a cell wall | Fungi |
| very unique and divers group of organisms that are usually unicellular and aquatic | protista |
| when identifying a species, the scientific name has two parts | the genus and the species |
| is always capitilized | genus |
| always lower case | species |
| scientific name is italicized | if typed |
| scientific name is underlined | if handwritten |
| lead to questions to which we want answers | observation |
| Make (Who) Observations | Scientists |
| an educated guess is required to start the experiment | hypothesis |
| If the results do not support the hypothesis | the hypothesis must be modified or rejected |
| If the results do support the hypothesis | the experiment must be repeated and it could eventually be a theory or a law. |
| an experiment that compares the effect of one manipulated variable to a group that receives no treatment | controlled experiment |
| factors that should be kept the same in both the treatment group and the non-treated group | controlled variables |
| the variable being tested we are investigating it's effect | independent varable |
| the variable that is measured as a result of our experiment | controlled variables |
| the group of test subjects that are not exposed to the independent variable | control group |
| the group of test subjects that are exposed to the independent variable | experimental group |
| what are the characteristics of organic compounds | carbon based larger, more complex compounds built on a carbon skeleton that is typically either rings of carbon or chains of carbons |
| What are the 5 Groups of organic compounds | Carbohydrates(sugar, starch) Proteins(enzymes, structural fibers) Lipids (fats, cholesterol) Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) ATP (the energy currency of the cell) |
| Examples Inorganic Compounds | salts water oxygen carbon dioxide acids and bases |
| smallest unit of an element that still retains that element chemical properties | atoms |
| atoms are composed of three subatomic particles | x protons - positively charged o neutrons - neutral e electrons - negatively charged |
| centrally located and contains protons and neutrons | nucleus of the atom |
| surround the nucleolus and contain electrons, the subatomic particles that contain energy | electrons shells |
| the outermost shell of the atom that determines how an atom will behave, i.e. how it will combine with other atoms | valence shell |
| connections between atoms to form compounds | types of bonds |
| result from sharing of electrons (ex; methane) | covalent bonds |
| result from the stealing of electrons (ex; sodium chloride, DNA) | ionic bonds |
| asymmetrical and have a positive end and a negative end (ex; water, sugar) | polar compounds |
| symmetrical and share electrons equally (ex; methane, vegetable oil) | nonpolar compounds |
| compounds that will dissolve in water | polar compounds |
| won't mix with water (oil and water don't mix) | nonpolar compounds |
| creates a surface tension in water (water molecules like to stick together) | hydrogen bonding |
| universal solvent in living systems and polar molecules dissolve in water in cells and tissue fluids cohesive (it sticks to itself) and adhesive (it sticks to surfaces) with makes it a great transport medium | water |
| causes water to have a high heat capacity and a high heat of evaporation; therefore, water holds on the heat longer than other substances | hydrogen |
Created by:
rmeinhardt
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