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Nursing Principles
Nursing principles exam3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is affective communication? | Refers to the mood or emotion, feeling or tone upon arrival to situation. |
| Honest communication is a combination of? | Verbal, non-verbal and affective communication. |
| Active listening behaviors | Repeating in a slightly different way what the patient has said. |
| Active listening behaviors | Asking a closed-ended question in response to a patient's statement to make sure you understand. |
| Active listening behaviors | Putting into words the information you are receiving from the patient at an effective communication level. |
| Active listening behaviors | Expressing in your own words what you think the patient means. |
| Active listening behaviors | Using sounds, words , or short phrases to encourage the patient to continue. |
| Active listening behaviors | Pauses effectively, stay focused and attentive let the patient tell the story their own way. Avoid interuptions and doing busy work. Make eye contact. |
| Active listening behaviors | Briefly state the main data you have gathered. |
| Active listening behaviors | Provide patient the opportunity to correct information. |
| Blocks to communication | False reassurance Probing Judging Belittling Giving advice Providing simple answers Acting disinterested |
| Blocks to communications examples. | False reassurance: There is no guarantee "everything will be okay. Do not create false hope of healing. Probing: Pushing for information, violates a patients's privacy and is disrespectful. |
| Blocks to communications examples. | Belittling: Making fun of patient in some way. Includes downplaying symptoms. Giving advice: Do not provide "your" advice. Decisions are to be made by patient. |
| Blocks to communication examples | Simple answers: "everyone feels this way", makes patient feels dismissed and misunderstood. The patient needs to know their issues are important. |
| What is an example of negative body language? | Posture with chest in and chin down, arms folded, stance is stiff. |
| What is an example of positive body language? | Stand tall with shoulders back and head held high. Make eye contact when appropriate, |
| How do males communicate in comparison to females? | Use eye contact to maintain status. Use few words, share less feelings and are analytical. Opinions are valued more highly without validation have fewer questions and readily interuots conversations. |
| How do females communicate in comparison to males? | Use conversations to work through problems Sensitive to feelings and build consensus while working towards a solution. Use questions to encourage conversation. Will say sorry to indicate regret, sympathy or concern. |
| When communicating with people from different cultures, what should you as the nurse do? | 1. Be respectful of others beliefs and practices. 2. Know the cultural differences in communication 3. Recognise Ethnic background, generations and differences. |
| How should a nurse introduce him or herself, when approaching or entering client's room? | Knock on the door, pause briefly, then walk in. Address patient as Mr. or MS. (use appropriate title. The extend hand and provide your name, title and purpose. |
| What does the acronym SBAR stand for? | 1. Situation 2. Background 3. Assessment 4. Recommendation |
| Explain the situation section of the SBAR? | This section provides information about the nurse; who they are,, their unit, patient name, date of birth and a brief summary of problem. |
| Explain the Background section of the SBAR | This section provides information about the patient's diagnosis, date of admission and current patient status. |
| Explain the Assessment section of the SBAR | This section provides nurses assessment of patient, what the nurse thinks is going on (based on signs and symptoms). |
| Explain the Recommemendation section of the SBAR | This section provides the recommendation made by nurses which includes: Goal of care, next shift needs, patient education and physician assistance |
| What does the acronym "I PASS the BATON" mean? | I-Introduction P-Patient A-Assessment S-Situation S- Safety Concerns B-Background A-Actions T-Timing O-Ownership N-Next |
| What are S.O.A.P notes ? | S-Subjective (patient's complaints), O-Objective (vital signs), A-Assessment(Physician analysis of problem), P- Plan (Treatment). |
| What is health literacy? | The degree to which individuals obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. |
| List and describe the types of illness: Acute and Chronic | Acute illness: sudden , limited , emergent care. |
| Types of illness: Acute and Chronic | Chronic illness: Last for 6 months or longer by intensifying or improving symptoms. |
| List and describe the Phases of illness: Prodromal | Prodromal phase: Begins hours or days before actual illness symptoms. |
| List and describe the Phases of illness:Symptomatic | Symptomatic phase: Observable systems develop eg: sore throat. at this stage patient make seek home or over counter remedies. |
| List and describe the Phases of illness: Seeking help | Seeking help phase: Seeks help from physician or medical professional. at this stage patient may be given prescriptions, use alternative medicine injections or visits the ED. |
| List and describe the Phases of illness:Dependency phase | Dependency phase: Person sought help, now must decide to follow the advice or recommended treatment. (Chronic patients remain in dependency phase because complete recovery is not possible) |
| List and describe the Phases of illness: Recovery phase | Recovery phase: Person is slowly able to resume indolence and regain health. |
| What are non-modifiable factors that cause illness? | Age , heredity, and gender. |
| What are modifiable factors for illness? | Lifestyle and nutrition |
| What is stress? | A nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it. |
| What is a stressor? | Any stress inducing event. |
| What is the fight or flight response? | The brain perceives a threat to ones well-being, sends messages to the body to prepare to either stay and fight or run away. |
| Autonomic nervous response? | Sympathetic response: Fight or flight Parasympathetic: Rest& digest |
| Symptoms of a fight or flight response? | Increased heart rate, increased blood flow to muscles and dilated pupils. |
| What effect does stress have on illness? | Sympathetic nervous system goes into overdrive from stress. Causes the exacerbation in patients with some chronic disorders, such as systemic lupus, erythematous, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, arthritis and asthma |
| How do we manage stress? | Implementing coping strategies, positive strategies that are good for the body, mind and spirit. |
| Explain the defense mechanism, Avoidance? | Avoidance:Unconsciously staying away from events or situations that might ion feelings of aggression or anxiety. |
| Explain the defense mechanism, Compensation? | Compensation: Making upper something we perceive as inadequacy by developing some desirable trait. |
| Explain the defense mechanism, Conversion reaction? | Conversion reaction: Anxiety is channeled into physical symptoms. |
| Explain the defense mechanism, Denial? | Denial: Unconscious refusal to see reality. |
| Explain the defense mechanism, Displacement (transference)? | Displacement(transference): Transferring anger and hostility to another person or object that is perceived less powerful. (kick-the-dog syndrome) |
| Explain the defense mechanism, Disassociation? | Disassociation: Painful events or situations are separated or dissociated from conscious mind.(eg. out of body experience) |
| Explain the defense mechanism, Regression ? | Regression: Emotionally returning to an earlier time in life when there was far less stress (commonly seen in patients while hospitalized) |
| Explain the defense mechanism, Sublimation? | Sublimation: Unacceptable traits or characteristics are diverted into acceptable;e traits or characteristics. |
| Are hospitals stressors? | Yes, as the nurse we need to help patient cope with the experience. Ask questions. Discuss feelings. Ask for assistance. Laugh. |
| What is Objective data? | Objective data are things you can observe through your sense of hearing, sight, smell and touch. |
| What are some examples of Objective data? | Moist skin, pale, dark brown, formed bowel movement and vital signs. |
| What is Subjective data? | Information provided verbally by the patient. |
| What are some examples of Subjective data? | Nausea, fear, depression, anxiety and pain. |
| What is patient centered and family-centered care? | Encourages the active collaboration and shared decision making between patients, families and providers to design and manage a customized and comprehensive care plan. |
| Patient-Centered care? | The practice of caring for patient and their families in ways that are meaningful and valuable to the individual patient. |
| Picker's eight principles of patient care? | 1. Access to care 2. Respect for patient's preferences 3. Coordination & integration of care 4. Information and education 5. Physical comfort 6. Emotional support 7. Involvement of family 8. Continuity and transition |
| Access to care | Patients need to know they can access care when it is needed; access to location of hospitals, clinics and physician offices. |
| Respect patients values and preference | Involve patient in decision making, recognizing they are individuals with their own unique values and preferences. |
| Information and education | Information on process of care, progress and prognosis. |
| Physical comfort | The level of physical comfort patients report has impact on their experience. Areas to focus on: pain management, assistance with activities and daily living needs and hospital surroundings and environment. |
| Emotional support | Caregivers should provide support and pay attention to anxiety over physical status, treatment and prognosis. Anxiety over impact of illness on themselves and family. Anxiety over the financial impact of illness. |
| Involvement if family and friends | Supporting family members as caregivers, involving family and close friends in decision making, recognizing the needs family and friends. |
| Continuity and transition | Coordinate and plan ongoing treatment and service after discharge. Provide information regarding access to clinical, social physical and financial support on a continuing basis. |
| Coordination and integration of care | Coordination of clinical care Coordination of ancillary and support services Coordination of front-line patient care. |
| Patient bill of rights. | Patient rights encompass legal; and ethical issues in the provider-patient relationship, including a person's right to privacy, the right to quality medical care without prejudices, the right to make informed decisions about care and treatment options. |
| What are the six (6) components of personal health? | 1. Physical health 2. Emotional health 3. Mental health 4. Social health 5. Environmental health 6. Spiritual health |
| What is holistic care? | Consideration of complete person-physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually, in the management and prevention of disease. |
| What is holistic nursing? | Holistic nursing involves healing the mind, body and soul of patients. |
| Define family dynamic? | The patterns of interactions among relatives, their roles and relationships and the various factors that shape their interactions. |
| What are factors that influence family dynamic ? | Age, Socioeconomic status, Unemployment, Relationship between parent, Chronic illness, Disability substance abuse, Physical abuse, Death and Culture |
| Seven principles for developing quality relationships? | Acceptance Respect Understanding Transparency Non-judgement |
| Effective (adaptive) coping mechanism? | Constructive mechanism occur when the stressor is treated as a warining sign and elects to solve the problem. |
| Ineffective (maladaptive) coping mechanisms? | Destructive mechanisms addresses the feeling associated with the stressor but goes unresolved. |
| Coping strategies: | 1.Problem-focused coping:eliminating or reducing the underlying stressor. 2. Emotion-focused coping: no attempt to address stressor, focus is on controlling the emotional response as a result of stressor. 3. Meaning focused coping: Individual dra |
| What is an addiction? | A compulsive abnormal dependence on a substance. |
| Stages of addiction recovery? | 1. Pre-contemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Determination 4. Action 5. Maintenance 6. Recurrence |
| Signs of codependency? | 1. Having trouble setting boundaries 2. Please others to gain approval 3. Focuses on others instead of self |
| Is a nurse required to report domestic violence? | Yes, to appropriate authorities. |
| What is acronym purple ? | P- Peak of cry U- Unexpected R- Resist soothing P- Pain like face L- Long lasting E- Evening |
| Can a LVN delegate? | No, but an LVN can assign task to UAP. |
| Five rights of delegation? | 1. Right task (Is to in their specific scope of practice 2. Right circumstance (low risk stable vs/unstable patient) 3. Right Person ( Are they experienced/competent) 4. Right supervision (right communication) 5. Right direction and communication. |
| When should a nurse delegate? | When patient is stable. When they are able to teach and supervise. |
| Steps in delegation? | 1. Assess and plan 2. Communicate 3. Ensure surveillance and supervision 4. Evaluate feedback |
| Task delegated to UAP's? | Activities of daily living Hygiene (showing, dental and clean bed linen ) Routine stable vital signs. |
Created by:
JGAngus
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