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8.6 NH Final Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tornado | A mobile destructive vertex of violently rotating winds having the appearance of a funnel-shaped cloud and advancing beneath a large storm system. |
| Hurricane | A storm with a violent wind in particular, a tropical cyclone in the Caribbean |
| Earthquake | a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the Earth's crust or volcanic action |
| Volcanic Eruption | A volcanic eruption occurs when hot materials from the Earth's crust interior are thrown out of a volcano |
| Flood | an overflowing of a large amount of water beyond its normal confines especially over what is normally dry land |
| Cone of Uncertainty | the visual picture of a hurricane forecast map |
| Magnitude | A measurement of the energy or strength of a natural Hazard event. Generally, the stronger the hazard the greater its magnitude |
| Saffir-Simpson Scale | A system classifying the intensity of a hurricane based on wind speed |
| Severity | Extent of damage, or loss from a natural Hazard event |
| Fault | a fracture in the Earth’s crust, where two blocks of rock are being pushed past one another or where two blocks of rock were once pushed past one another. |
| Tectonic Plate | pieces of Earth’s crust |
| Mitigate | make less severe, serious, or painful |
| Tectonic Plate Boundary | Where two tectonic plates meet |
| Convergent Boundary | a location in Earth’s crust and mantle where two tectonic plates crash into one another, either one going under the other, or colliding into one another |
| Divergent Boundary | a location in Earth’s crust and mantle where two tectonic plates move apart from one another |
| Transform Boundary | a location in Earth’s crust and mantle where two tectonic plates slide past one another |
| Precursor | An event that occurs before a natural hazard and can help in predicting that the hazard event will occur |
| Natural Disaster | the negative impact following an actual occurrence of natural hazard in the event that it significantly harms a community |
| Forecast | a scientific claim (statement backed up by evidence and scientific reasoning) about the likelihood that an event will occur in the future |
| Risk | the chance (probability) that a danger or hazard will occur |
| Natural Hazard Forecast | a scientific claim about the likelihood of a natural hazard event occurring in a particular place |
| Storm Surge | An abnormal rise in sea level along the coast caused by a storm |
| Seismic Resistance Construction | the fabrication of a building or structure that is able to withstand the sudden ground shaking that is characteristic of earthquakes, thereby minimizing structural damage and human deaths and injuries |
| Levees | an embankment built to prevent the overflow of a river a structure that is usually earthen and that often runs parallel to the course of a river in its floodplain or along low-lying coastlines |
| Weather Balloons | a balloon equipped with meteorological apparatus which is sent into the atmosphere to provide information about the weather. |
| Radar/Doplar | a radar tracking system using the Doppler effect to determine the location and velocity of a storm, clouds, precipitation, etc |
| Satellites | a type of Earth observation satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth. Satellites can be polar orbiting, or geostationary. |
| Mercalli Scale | a twelve-point scale for expressing the local intensity of an earthquake, ranging from I (virtually imperceptible) to XII (total destruction |
| Enhanced Fujita Scale | scale rates tornado intensity based on the severity of the damage they cause. It is used in some countries, including the United States, Canada, China, and Mongolia. The Enhanced Fujita scale replaced the decommissioned Fujita scale that was introduced in |
| Volcanic Explosive index | a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. |
| Monitoring | To make measurements and observations over time to keep track of something |
| Seismometer | an instrument used to measure the shaking from an earthquake |
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