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Evolution review

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QuestionAnswer
Geologic Time Scale A calendar scientists use in order to divide the Earth’s long history
Eras Eras are characterized by the animals that dominated in that time period
Extinctions occur... due to climate or atmospheric changes
The Four Eras Precambrian Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic
The continents... have not always been in their present position
Pangea The Supercontinent! About 245 million years ago the Earth was one large landmass surrounded by one great ocean
Precambrian era -no oxygen at first -single celled organisms lived
Paleozoic era -Lots of plants! -many crawling insects, reptiles, and first land animals came
Mesozoic era -dinosaurs -lots of reptiles -first birds
Cenozoic era -age of mammals -Live everywhere!
Evolution Changes in inherited characteristics of a species over time.
Species A species is a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce among themselves
Theory of Acquired Characteristics Created by Jean Baptiste de Lamarck. He said: traits developed during a parent organism’s lifetime are inherited by its offspring.
Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Created by Charles Darwin. he said: Organisms with traits suited to their environment will more likely survive and reproduce.
Charles Darwin observed that animals on small islands had similar characteristics of mainland animals. The organisms found on the islands were specially adapted to live in their environment.
Variation An inherited trait that makes an individual different from other members of its species
Adaptation a variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment
Gradualism describes evolution as a slow, on going process
Punctuated Equilibrium Gene mutation can result in a new species in relatively short time
Fossils traces or imprints of living things preserved in rock
Mold fossils hollow imprints
cast fossils hollow imprints filled in with sediment creating a replica of the organism
inclusion fossil organisms that have been preserved in ice or amber
mineralized fossil minerals replace organic material to create petrified objects
How are fossils helpful? Fossils can reveal what an organism may have looked like and how long ago it lived.
Relative Dating analysis of layers of rock. Older layers are found beneath new layers. Gives an approximate age of rock or fossils.
Radiometric dating uses rate of decay of unstable atoms in rock to find a more exact date.
Transitional Fossils Fossilized remains of INTERMEDIATE forms of life that illustrate an evolutionary trend from one species to another.
Why is the fossil record incomplete? -specific conditions are needed -not all fossils have been found
Embryology by comparing the early embryos of different vertebrates we see similarities
Homologous Structures Looking at a human arm, cat forelimb, a whale flipper, and a bat wing - you can see STRUCTURAL similarities
Vestigial Structures Evolutionary remnants - body structures that don’t seem to have any present day function but indicate a functional past life.
DNA -Organisms today have the same kind of genetic makeup -closer ancestors have similar DNA
Primates Mammals with opposable thumbs, binocular vision, and flexible shoulders
Hominids Appeared about 4-6 million years ago: -Omnivores -Bipedal -Canine Teeth -vertical pelvis -Skull base more vertical
Five major hominid groups Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens
Created by: user-1682270
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