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microbe/human
microbes and human interaction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does Gonorrhea mean? | flow of semen |
| What is gono confused with? | syphilis |
| Medical name for gono | Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| describe gono. ______, _______, _______ | G- diplococci, Fimbriae, protease |
| fimbriae does what? | increases attachment on host tissue |
| enzyme that helps gono bacterium to penetrate host tissue | Protease |
| Any G- bacterium produces ____ after death | endotoxin |
| G- bacterium, three important terms | Endotoxin, fimbriae, and Protease |
| Microbial mechanisms of pathogenicity. Name the four steps: | Portal of entry, Attachment, Surviving host defenses, and causing the disease. |
| How do microorganisms enter a host? | Portal of entry |
| To attach to the host, a bacterium must be ____ to it | adhered |
| How do bacterium survive host defenses> | bacterial pathogens penetrate host defenses |
| What happens in the fourth step of microbial mechanisms of pathogenicity> | causing the disease (how bacterial pathogens damage host cells) |
| WHat happens when the bacterial pathogen arrive at their target> | they become established. |
| WHat happens after the bacterium becomes established? | They multiply and then release toxins to cause the disease |
| Name the mucous membrane portals of entry: | respiratory portal, gastrointestinal tracts, and urogenital portal of entry |
| Infectious agents that enter the ____ | skin |
| a portal of entry for pathogens by deposition directly into tissues beneath the skin or mucous membranes is called a ____ _____ | Parental route |
| What is the preferred portal of entry for Salmonella? What does Salmonella cause> | GI tract. Typhoid fever |
| What does streptococcus pneumoniae cause and what is its preferred portal of entry? | pneumonia and respiratory system |
| Yersinia pestis causes _____ and prefers which portal of entry?> | plague, more than one entry |
| How many # to initiate infection from Yersinia pesti? | 3-50 |
| factors for pathogenicity of Yersina pestis is : _____, its ______, it has _____ proteins, it has the enzyme _______, it has _______ and _________. | Gram negative, capsule, envelope, coagulase, endotoxin, murine toxin |
| Function of the capsule lets bacteria escape_____ | phagocytosis |
| Link G- to _____ | endotoxin |
| proteins mediate _____ | attachment |
| coagulase will cause a ____ ____ | blood clot |
| Plagues are caused by ____ and _____. Main transmission is the ______ | pests and rodents. Fleas |
| When the number of bacteria that initiates infection low, it is called ________. This means : | virulence; the degree of pathogenicity |
| ID is | Infectious dose |
| Lethal dose for 50% of hosts: the number of bacteria that causes the death of ____% of lab animals | LD50. 50% |
| Infectious dose is: | ID50. Infectious dose for 50% of hosts. number of bacteria that causes infections in 50% of lab animals |
| If we give mice each a dose of bacterium, 50% die, this is called ____ | Lethal dose |
| If we give the mice a smaller dose and 50% are infected, this is called the | infectious dose |
| what are the surface molecules on a pathogen called? | adhesins |
| How do the pathogens bind to ______ _______ _____ on cells of certain host tissues? | adhesins, complimentary surface receptors |
| what do M proteins do for bacterial pathogens and where are they? | Mediates attachment. They are on the cell wall (capsule) |
| Bacterial pathogens penetrate the host cells by _____ and ______ produced by the bacteria. | capsules and enzymes |
| enzymes produced by bacteria: | leukocidins, hemolysins, coagulases, kinases, hyaluronidase, and collagenase and keratinase |
| leukocidins destroy ________. Lekocidins are very active in _______ | leukocytes , phagocytosis |
| hemolysins cause the _____ of _______ | lysis , erythrocytes |
| coagulases: coagulate the ________ to _______ in the blood | fibrinogen (soluble), fibrin (nonsoluble) |
| What breaks down fibrin dissolves clots? functions against coagulase | Kinases |
| _____ digests the ground substance -______ _____ that cements animal cells together | Hyaluronidase, hyaluronic acid |
| bacterial pathogens damage host cells by the production of ________. | toxins |
| What do bacteria need for metabolism?> | toxins |
| The capactiy of microorganisms to produce ______ | Toxigenicity, toxins |
| The presence of toxins in the blood is called _____ | toxemia |
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