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MedSci
Cell diversity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 main parts to the cell theory? | 1. All organisms are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of life 3. Cells come from pre-existing cells that have multiplied |
| What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells? | Absent nucleus, 1um in size, cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic organelles are absent, chromosomes = single circular DNA molecule. |
| What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells? | Nucleus = present, cell size is 10-100 um, cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic organelles = present, chromosomes = multiple linear DNA molecules. |
| What is tissue and what are the different types of tissue? | Tissues: are complex organizational arrangements of cells to fulfill specific functions - Epithelial Tissue - Connective Tissue - Muscle Tissue - Muscle Tissue - Nervous Tissue - Adipose Tissue |
| What is apoptosis? | Programmed cell death is part of development Syndactyly: a condition that happens during pregnancy where the failure of differentiation between adjacent digits caused by the absence of apoptosis. |
| What does villi do? | Increases surface area in the gut |
| What is the function of the nucleus, nucleolus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth ER? | Nucleus - the control centre Nucleolus - site of RNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis Rough endoplasmic reticulum - ribosomes and protein synthesis - folding Smooth ER - lipid and steroid hormone production |
| What does the Golgi body, mitochondria, lysosomes do? | - Golgi body = sorts proteins - The mitochondria - the powerhouse = makes ATP - replicates by fission and contains their own DNA - maternal - Lysosomes - acidic organelles for waste breakdown and disposal |
| What does the cytoskeleton do? | Structures, supports and transports |
| What do lipids do and what are they impermeable to? | Phospholipid bilayer (plasmamembrane) Lipid bilayers impermeable to essential molecules and ions |
| Water diffusion: | - The more solute (i.e. sugar or salt) in a given volume the higher the concentration of salt and the lower amount of water - Plasma memrane is semipermeable |
| Describe osmosis and where will sucrose move to if the left side has more sucrose than the right in osmosis? | Bulk flow of water through a semipermeable membrane into another aqueous compartment containing solute at a higher concentration (osmosis) To the left |
| Describe osmosis in a cell: | If salt is on the outside of a cell it will suck water out of a cell causing it to shrink, whereas if salt is inside a cell it will suck water inside causing it to swell. |
| What is hypotonic? | Having lower osmotic pressure then a particular fluid. |
| What is hypertonic? | Has a high solute concentration and low water concentration |
| What is isotonic? | When a solution has the same solute concentration compared to the intracellular solute concentration |
| What are lipids permeable to? | Permeable to water molecule + oxygen, carbon dioxide Lipid bilayers NOT permeable to K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, hydrophillic molecules like glucose proteins RNA |
| Where will water flow in osmosis? | - Water will always flow to where its concentration is lower - Water wants to at equilibrium… same number of molecules in each compartment |
Created by:
izzyygeoghegan
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