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Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | - the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another |
| Trait | - a specific characteristic of an individual |
| Genetics | - the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics |
| Fertilization | - union of a sperm nucleus, of paternal origin, with an egg nucleus, of maternal origin, to form the primary nucleus of an embryo |
| Purebred | - bred from members of a recognized breed, strain, or kind without outbreeding over many generations |
| Gene | - unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring |
| Allele | - One of two or more versions of a genetic sequence at a particular region on a chromosome |
| Dominant allele | - the relationship between two versions of a gene |
| Recessive allele | - does not produce a trait at all when only one copy is present |
| Hybrid | - An individual formed by mating between unlike forms, usually genetically differentiated populations or species |
| Punnett square | - helps to predict the variations and probabilities that can come from cross breeding |
| Phenotype | - The observable characteristics in an individual resulting from the expression of genes; |
| Genotype | - a scoring of the type of variant present at a given location (i.e., a locus) in the genome |
| Homozygous | - The presence of two identical alleles at a particular gene locus |
| Heterozygous | - having different alleles for a particular trait |
| Incomplete dominance | - a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype |
| Codominance | - a type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual |
| Multiple alleles | - an allele of a genetic locus having more than two allelic forms within a population |
| Polygenic inheritance | - quantitative inheritance, where multiple independent genes have an additive or similar effect on a single quantitative trait |
| Messenger RNA | - an RNA that carries the code for a particular protein from DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome and that acts as a pattern for the formation of that protein |
| Transfer RNA | - a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis |
| Mutation | - Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell |
| Sex chromosomes | - a type of chromosome involved in sex determination |
| Sex-linked gene | - characteristics (or traits) that are influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes |
| Carrier | - a person who has one copy of a mutated (changed) disease-causing gene but has no symptoms or mild symptoms |
| Genetic disorder | - a disease caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence |
| Pedigree | - a chart that diagrams the inheritance of a trait or health condition through generations of a family |
| Karyotype | - an individual's complete set of chromosomes |
| Selective breeding | - choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics |
| Inbreeding | - The mating of animals more closely related than the average relationship within the breed or population concerned |
| Hybridization | - the process in which two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules bond together to form a double-stranded molecule |
| Clone | - when a cell replicates itself asexually without any genetic alteration or recombination. |
| Genetic engineering | - a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism |
| Gene therapy | - An experimental treatment that adds a new gene or replaces or repairs a mutated (changed) gene inside the body's cells to help prevent or treat certain diseases, such as cancer |
| Genome | - The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism |
| Ethics | - a set of moral principles and values a civilized society follows |
| Meiosis | - a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes |
| Crossing Over | - the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) that occurs during the development of egg and sperm cells (meiosis) |
| Zygote | - fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm) |
| Gametes | - a reproductive cell of an animal or plant |
| Protein Synthesis | - the process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and various enzymes |
| Autosomal Chromosomes | - Having to do with any of the 22 numbered pairs of chromosomes found in most human cells |
Created by:
Lily Tran
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