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Earth Science Vocabs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Shearing | Stress that slices rocks into parallel blocks that slide in opposite directions along their adjacent sides. |
| Tephra | Pyroclastic (molten) materials from an erupting volcano that fly through the air before cooling, and range in size from fine dust to massive blocks |
| Fault | A break in the Earth’s crust. |
| Effusive | These eruptions are characterized by the outpouring of “thin” lava onto the ground (as opposed to the violent fragmentation of “thick” magma by explosive eruptions). |
| subduction | The sinking of a denser oceanic plate edge as a result of convergence with a plate of lesser density. (Often causing earthquakes and/or creating volcano chains. |
| Viscocity | A fluid's resistance to flow. It is effected by temperature. |
| Stratiograph | A branch of geology that studies rock layers and layering. It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks |
| convection currents | The cycle of movement in the asthenosphere that causes the plates of the lithosphere to move. |
| uplifting | A geological process most often caused by plate tectonics which increases elevation. (It causes the ground to move upwards.) |
| propagation | It is any of the ways in which energy waves travel |
| stress | The force acting on a rock or another solid to deform (change) it. |
| Mohorovich discontinuity | The seismic discontinuity between the base of the Earth's crust and the top of the mantle. P waves passing through this boundary change their velocity |
| rift valley | The tearing apart of a plate to form a depression in the Earth's crust and often eventually separating the plate into two or more smaller plates |
| Topographic maps | The set of physical features, such as mountains, valleys, and the shapes of landforms, represented by contour lines that have equivalent units to measure elevation. |
| tectonics | The almost constant movement of certain plates that allows stress energy to be released without major earthquakes |
| tension | Tension occurs when two plates move apart |
| divergent plate boundaries | The process by which two lithospheric plates separated by rifting move farther apart, with magma rising between them and forming new oceanic crust. |
| luster | The reflection of light on a given mineral's surface, classified by intensity and quality. |
| sea floor spreading | The formation and growth of oceanic crust and ocean basins following rifting and is characterized by eruptions along mid-ocean ridges. |
| seismic waves | One of a series of progressive disturbances that vibrate through the Earth to transmit the energy released from an earthquake. |
| compression | A form of stress that reduces the volume or length of a rock, as that produced by the convergence of plate margins. |
| continental drift | The hypothesis, proposed by Alfred Wegener, that today's continents broke off from a single supercontinent and then plowed through the ocean floors into their present positions. |
| convergent plate boundaries | The coming together of two lithospheric plates. This causes subduction when one or both plates is oceanic, and mountain formation when both plates are continental |
| cleavage | The tendency of certain minerals to break along distinct planes in their crystal structures where the bonds are weakest |
| facture | A crack or break in a rock |
Created by:
MoarApplez
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