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Cellular Respiration
Biology Chapter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is fermentation | Partial degradation of sugars and other organic fuel without the use of oxygen |
| What is Anaerobic respiration | Partial degradation of sugars and other organic fuel without the use of oxygen |
| What is Aerobic Respiration | Oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel |
| How many steps is Cellular Respiration? | 3 |
| What types of steps are in Cellular Respiration? | First step is an anaerobic and the second is aerobic. |
| Is Cellular Respiration Exergonic or endergonic? | Exergonic |
| What is the reaction equation of cellular respiration? | C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + ^H2O + energy |
| Is Cellular Respiration spontaneous? | Yes |
| Which redox reaction loses electrons | oxidation |
| Which redox reaction gains electrons? | reduction |
| What accepts the electrons? | the oxidizing agent |
| What donates electrons? | The reducing agent |
| What is the first step of breaking down glucose? | Hydrogen atoms are passed to the electron carriers (NAD) which acts as a coenzyme |
| What is the second step of breaking down glucose? | NAD+ dehydrogenases into NADH |
| What is the third step of breaking down glucose? | NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain and turns to O2 |
| Which way does the electrons travel in cellular respiration? | Downhill to lower concentrated H+ |
| What are the 3 stages of Cellular respiration | Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation/citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation |
| Where is some of the ATP produced by glycolysis | Using substate level phosphorylation |
| What is Glycolysis | The sugar splitting step |
| How many phases does glycolysis have? | 2 |
| What does glycolysis phase 1 begin with? | Begins with glucose (which has 6 carbons) |
| What does glycolysis phase 1 end with? | Ends with 2 G3P (key intermediate) with 3 carbons |
| What does glycolysis phase 2 begin with | Begins with the 2 G3P molecules |
| What does glycolysis phase 2 end with? | Ends with 2 pyruvate molecules |
| What happens in the middle of glycolysis phase 2 | 2 NAD+ turns to 2 NADH |
| What is the net output of ATP in glycolysis | 2 |
| Where does glycolysis occur? | The cytoplasm |
| How many molecules of ATP does glycolysis create? | 4 |
| What is the second step of Cellular respiration? | Pyruvate Oxidation |
| How does Pyruvate Oxidation start? | 2 Pyruvate molecules formed from glycolysis |
| What happens after the pyruvate goes through the transport protein? | CO2 molecules are sent out |
| What happens to NAD+ | NAD+ turns into NADH and H+ |
| How does Acetyl CoA form? | Co enzyme A (S-CoA) is brought into the system |
| What kind of energy does Acetyl Co-A have? | Potential |
| What are the outs of Pyruvate Oxidation? | 2 Acetyl CoA, 2 NADH, and 2 CO2 |
| How many steps does the Citric Acid Cycle have? | 8 |
| What is step 1 of the Citric Acid Cycle? | Acetyl CoA combines with Oxaloacetate |
| What does Acetyl CoA combining with Oxaloacetate create? | Citrate |
| What happens to the Citrate? | Citrate moves around and creates Isocitrate |
| What happens after the creation of the isocitrate? | 4 electrons change 2 NAD+ to NADH and 2 Carbons are lost in 2 CO2 molecules |
| What happens to Coenzyme A in the Citric Acid Cycle | It turns to Succinyl CoA |
| What happens during the substrate level phosphorylation? | 1 ATP molecule is produced |
| What happens to FAD | Turns to FADH |
| What happens to NAD+ | Turns to NADH |
| When does regeneration of oxaloacetate occur? | At the end of the Citric Acid Cycle and after NAD+ turns to NADH |
| What are the products of the Citric Acid Cycle | 2 oxaloacetate molecules, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP molecules, 4 CO2 molecules, 4 S-CoA, and 2 GDP molecules |
| Where does the Citric Acid Cycle occur? | In the matrix |
| What is the 3rd step of Cellular Respiration? | Oxidative Phosphorylation |
| How many steps are in oxidative phosphorylation? | 2 |
| What are the steps of oxidative phosphorylation? | Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis |
| How many multiprotein complexes are in oxidative phosphorylation? | 4 |
| What is the first multiprotein called in oxi. phos.? | Flavoprotein |
| What does Flavoprotein do? | protein that has a coenzyme called Flavin (a mononucleotide) |
| What is the second multiprotein | protein with iron-sulfur (co factor) |
| What is the third and fourth multiprotein | Cytochromes (hemes with iron) |
| what are the two mobile carriers that help transport electrons? | q-ubiquinone and cytochrome |
| How does affinity change on the chain? | Affinity increases as you go down the chain e- releases energy as we move down the chain |
| How is ATP generated in the ETC | It is indirectly generated. |
| How is energy passed | in manageable amounts by doing redox reactions and passing e- |
| Where is the concentration of H+ the highest? | In the intermembrane space |
| What are the products of the electron transport chain? | H+ gradient. 8 or 10 NAD+, 2 or 4 FAD, H2O |
| What is the second step of oxidated phosphorylation? | Chemisosmosis |
| What happens in chemiososis | ATP synthase |
| What is ATP synthase | Protein enzyme complex that makes ATP from ADP and phosphate |
| How does H+ flow? | Down the gradient |
| What are the products of Chemisomosis | 26-28 ATP and H+ in the matrix |
| What are the two mechanisms by which certain cells can oxidize organic fuel and generate ATP without the use of oxygen | Anerobic Respiration Use of the ETC |
| What is Alcohol Fermentation? | Takes Glucose through glycolysis and generates 2 pyruvate molecules, generates 2 CO2 to form acetaldehyde |
| What is Lactic Acid fermentation | Glucose through Glycolysis to 2 pyruvate molecules |
Created by:
bechewning
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