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PHCC body lymph/body
lymphatic system and body defenses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The lymphatic is a circulatory system transports fluid called what? | lymph |
| The lymphatic system consists of 8 parts what are they? | 1 ) Lymph 2) lymph vessels 3) lymph nodes 4) tonsils 5)spleen 6) thymus glands 7) Peyer's patches 8)red bone marrow |
| What are the primary functions of the lymphatic system? | 1) to drain fluid from tissue spaces that escape (oozes) form capillaries 2) transports fats from the digestive system to the blood 3) produces lymphocytes 4) develops immunities |
| The fluid the escapes (seeps) from capillaries into tissues spaces is called what? | interstitial(between cells) fluid |
| The result of insufficient draining of interstitial fluid is called what? | edema |
| The concentration of lymph vessels are called what? | lymph nodes or lymph glands |
| What is the shape of lymph nodes? | beans |
| Lymph nodes are found every where along the length of the lymphatic system. What are the 3 areas of lymph node concentration? | 1) cervical (neck) 2) axillary ( armpit 3) inguinal or iliac (groin) |
| The circulation of lymph through the lymph vessels is maintained by what? | normal skeletal muscles contraction |
| Swelling of the lymph nodes is called what? | lymphadenopathy |
| What are the 3 groups of tonsils? | 1) palantine tonsils 2) pharyngeal tonsils 3) Lingual tonsils |
| The palantine tonsils are located in the tonsillar fossa (grove), between the pharyngopalatine and glossopalatine of arches on either side the posterior of the what?. | oral cavity |
| The pharyngeal tonsils are the adenoids located where? | close to the internal orifice of the nasal cavity (nasopharynx) |
| The lingual tonsils are located on the posterior surface of what? | the tongue at its base |
| In their positions the tonsils form a protective ring against harmful what? | the microorganisms that might enter the nose or oral cavity |
| The spleen is is shaped like what? | an oval (calzone) |
| The spleen is the single largest mass of what? | lymphatic tissue in the body |
| The spleen in located where? | in the superior left corner of the abdominal cavity |
| What is the function of the spleen? | 1) filters the blood to phagocytize bacteria, worn out platelets ( thrombocyte ) and erythrocytes (RBC) 2) releases hemoglobin ( HgB) from the worn out RBCs 3) acts as a reservoir for blood 4) produces lymphocytes |
| Peyer's Patches are AKA? | aggerated lymphatic follicles |
| Peyer Patches resemble what? | tonsils |
| Peyer patches are found where? | in the walls of the small intestines (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) |
| The Peyer's patches are responsible for what? | preventing bacteria from infecting and penetrating the walls of the intestine |
| Red bone marrow is found where? | 1) sternum 2) vertebrae 3) ribs 4) ilium 5) the ends of the humerus and femur |
| Red bone marrow is the site of stem cells are capable of dividing and producing blood cells (hematopoiesis.Some of these cells become leukocytes such as: | 1)Monocytes ( phagocytic) 2) neutrophils ( phagocytes 3) basophils ( release histamine) 4) eosinophils ( toxins, helminths=worms) 5) lymphocytes ( produces antibodies) (Monkeys Never Eat Little Banana) |
| Lymphocytes are categorized as what ? | 1) B lymphocytes ( B cells) 2) T lymphocytes ( T cells) |
| B lymphocytes ( B cells) mature where? | the bone marrow |
| Some B lymphocytes ( b cells produce what? | antibodies |
| Antibodies are immune proteins that bind to antigens and tag the antigen for destruction by what? | immune system |
| Antibodies are specialized meaning what? | the only a specific antigen ( virus,bacteria,fungus,etc.) will be attacked |
| Antibody production is the only mechanism that can defeat what? | a viral infection |
| Other B lymphocytes (B cells) become dormant and are responsible for a more potent and rapid antibody response during subsequent exposures to the same antigen. These dormant B lymphocytes are called what? | memory cells |
| memory cells are responsible for a lasting immunity .These type of antibodies include: | 1)IgG 2)IgM 3)IgA 4)IgD 5)IgE , Ig stands for immunoglobulins |
| How does a person develop antibodies ? By what 2 methods? | 1) a person contract a pathological antigen 2) a person is exposed to an attenuated or inactive pathological antigen |
| What does attenuated mean in reference to antigens? | the antigen has been crippled |
| What does inactivated mean in reference to antigens? | the antigen has been dead |
| An attenuated or inactivated antigen does not cause disease but will trigger the B cells to what? | to produce antibodies |
| The administration of an attenuated or inactivated antigen is called what? | vaccination , inoculation , immunization |
| Booster immunizations are designed to stimulate the production of what? | more memory B cells |
| What is MMR? | measles, mumps and rubella |
| What is the common trade names for the MMR vaccination? | Priorix, Tresivac, Trimovax |
| What does OPV ( IPV) mean? | oral ( inactivated ) polio vaccine |
| What does DPT mean? | diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus |
| DTaP ( Daptacel) is a DPT vaccine for what age group? | 1-7 |
| Tdap ( Adacel)(Boostrix)is what? | DPT booster |
| What is VZV ? | varicella zoster virus ( causes chick-pox) |
| What is Varivax? | a common trade name for a varicella vaccine |
| What Hepatovax? | a Hepatis B vaccine |
| What is EnergixB? | a Hepatis B vaccine |
| What is Recombivax HB ? | a Hepatis B vaccine |
| What is MCV? | Meningococcus Vaccine to prevent bacterial meningitis |
| MCV4 (for ages 2-55) and MOSV4 (for ages over 55) are what? | MCVs |
| What is Menomune and Menactra? | MCVs |
| What is Hib? | Haemophilus Influenzae b |
| What do Hib vaccine prevent? | bacterial meningitis |
| What is PPV? | pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine |
| PPV prevents what? | pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis |
| Prevnar is what? | a PPV |
| Pneumovax 23 is what? | a PPV |
| Pnu-Immune 23 is what? | a PPV |
| What is HPV? | human papilloma virus (causes genital warts) |
| What is Gardasil? | HPV vaccine |
| What is herpes Zoster is AKA shingles, what is the common trade named vaccine for Herpes Zoster? | Zostavax |
| What is RV? | rota-virus it causes profound diarrhea in infants and children |
| What is Rota Teq? | a RV vaccine |
| Do we still vaccinate against Smallpox? | No |
| A blood test used to determine th amount of a specific antibody present is called what? | antibody titer |
| CD8T lymphocytes (killer cells) destroy body cells that have been invaded by what? | viruses and destroys cancer cells |
| CD4T lymphocytes ( helper cells) increase the activity of killer cells, stimulates B cells and activate what other cells? | monocytes |
| A CD4 T cell count less than 200 indicates the transition form HIV to what? | AIDS |
| paroxysmal | sudden acute |
| diagnosis | the prediction of outcome of a disease |
| two forms of Lupus Erythematosus | DLE= butterfly rash SLE= generlaized rash,sensitive to light, arthralgia and myalgic, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, heart and kidney disease |
| Passive immunity | immunity caused by receiving antibodies from another |
| innate immunity | a natural immunity inherited genetically from your ancestors |
| pathway for air into the lungs | R/L primary bronchus |
| pathway for air into the lungs | secondary (lobar) bronchi |
| pathway for air into the lungs | tertiary (segmental) bronchi |
| pathway for air into the lungs | bronchioles |
| pathway for air into the lungs | terminal bronchioles |
| pathway for air into the lungs | alveolar duct |
| pathway for air into the lungs | alveolar sacs |
| pathway for air into the lungs | alveoli |
| pleurae | membranous layer that surround the lungs |
| parietal pleurae | outer most pleural layer |
| visceral pleurae | inner most pleural layer |
| pleural cavity | space between the pleurae |
| pleural fluid | fluid between the pleurae layers |
Created by:
wgolon
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