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Biology Test 4
DSC DWS BIO 1610 Test 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Discovered DNA Replication | Arthur Kornberg 1955 |
| Discovered Nucleins (DNA) in Sperm cells and Pus Cells | Johann Friedrich Miescher 1868 |
| Streptococcus Pneumoniae Experiment- transformation of nonvirulent to virulent by protein | Frederick Griffith 1928 |
| Transformation Experiment- Found DNA responsible for gene transmission, not protein | Avery, McCarty, MacLeod 1944 |
| Bacteriophage transformation experiment- DNA hereditary Material, viruses transmit DNA | Hershey, 1952 |
| Paper Chromatography of nucleotides | Erwin Chargaff 1947 |
| X-ray photos of DNA | Wilkins and Franklin 1920-1958 |
| Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A The Double Helix. Structure of Deoxy Ribose Nucleic Acid in Nature. Built on Chargaff and Franklin's work | Watson and Crick 1953 |
| Invented Gen. Engineering when they transferred Genes from One organism to another | Berg and Cohen 1972-3 |
| Whole Gene Shotgun Sequencing, Human Genome Project | J. Craig Venter2000 |
| Mass Reproduction of DNA in a test tube | Replication |
| Enzyme which breaks the Double Helix by dissolving Hydrogen Bonds | Helicase |
| Stabilizes DNA and holds it together during replication | Single Strand Binding Protein |
| Enzyme which makes RNA Primers 5 Prime to 3 Prime | DNA Primase |
| Enzyme that builds DNA Polymers 5 Prime to 3 Prime | DNA Polymerase |
| Leading DNA Strand | "Reads" Continuously |
| Lagging Strand | "Reads" Discontinously |
| RNA primer and associated DNA | Okazaki Fragments |
| Ezymes that put DNA back together | DNA Ligase |
| Enzyme that builds RNA primers | RNA Polymerase |
| A specific gene is Transcribed into RNA (occurs in nucleus) | Transcription |
| Promoter DNA | where transcription starts |
| Where transcription stops | Terminator DNA |
| Transcribes DNA takes info to Ribosomes | mRNA (Messenger RNA) |
| takes info from mRNA to make protein | rRNA (ribosomal) |
| brings amino acids to construct proteins | tRNA (transer) |
| Junk DNA | Introns |
| Ribosomal subunit binds Amino Acids, RNA together | A site |
| Ribosomal subunit, binds Peptides / tRNA together | P site |
| Ribosomal subunits where amino acids exit | E site |
| Start code for Amino Acids | AUG |
| Bonds between amino acids | Peptide Bonds |
| Codes for Stop | UAA, UAG, UGA |
| Mistake in genetic code, not always bad | Mutation |
| 1 nucleotide or 1 Amino Acid Mistake | Point mutation |
| deletions | cause frame shift left |
| insertions | cause frame shift right |
| Affects all DNA after this point | Mistakes During DNA Replication |
| Affects all RNA and proteins after this point | Mistakes during Transcription |
| Affects all Proteins after this point | Mistakes during Translation |
| Cell Produces more viruses | Lysogenic Cycle |
| Cell incorporates viral DNA into its own, cell division occurs, resulting in new daughter cells w/ viral DNA incorporated. | Lytic Cycle |
| 40% AT, 60 % GC, a's match t's, g's match c's | Chargaff's Rule |
| Cuts up specific sequences of DNA | restriction enzymes |
| puts DNA back together | Ligating Enzymes |
| enzyme that reverses transcription sometimes found in RNA carrying viruses | Reverse Transcriptase |
| Replicates DNA | The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) |
| viruses are used to inject new genes, in place of damaged genes | Gene Therapy |
| Forensic Use of identifying genetic code, uses semen, blood, etc, and requires large amounts of fresh tissue | Tissue Typing |
| forensic identifier of genetic code requires very little tissue, tissue can be up to three years old, identifies w/ great certainty your genetic fingerprint | DNA fingerprinting |
| improving human genetics | eugenics |
Created by:
thegr8ace
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