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13-2: Protist &Fungi
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prokaryotes: (four) | Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria - Bacteria and Archaea Unicellular No membrane-bound organelles DNA bunched up in the middle |
| Eukaryotes: (four) | Domain Eukaryota -Protist, fungi, plants, animals Unicellular or Multicellular Membrane bound organelles DNA stored in the nucleus |
| Fungi is: | Eukaryotic heterotrophs that have a cell wall |
| Cell walls of fungi are made of: | Chitin |
| Chitin: | A complex carbohydrate; also found in exoskeletons of arthropods Unicellular fungus example: Yeast |
| Multicellular fungi are composed of thin filaments called: | Hyphae (singular: hypha) |
| Cell nuclei in the hyphae are sometimes divided into separate calls by: | Septa |
| Septa: (singular: septum) | The cross walls between fungal cells Example: the spot between nostrils in the nose |
| Mycelium: | A large twisted mass of hyphae that absorbs food |
| Fruiting Body: | A fungal reproductive structure - there can be multiple fruiting bodies for one mycelium, which makes them the same organism |
| Saprophytic Fungi: | Decomposer; feeds on dead tissue or organic waste |
| Parasitic Fungi: | Parasite; feeds on living tissue of a host |
| Mutualistic Fungi: | Mutually beneficial relationship between a fungus and another organism |
| Ascomycota: (two) | -Sac Fungi -The most common fungi phylum Example: Yeast & penicillium |
| Basidomycota: | -Club fungi -These have club shaped structure Example: mushroom |
| Chytridiomycota: | -Simple Fungi -Produces flagellated spores Example: Batrachichytrium debdrobatidis |
| Deuteromycota: | -Imperfect Fungi -Seldom or never reproduces sexually. Asexual reproduction by vegetative growth production of asexual spires common. Appears to lack a sexual stage. Example: Aspergillus |
| Zygomycota: | -Zygote Fungi -Thread like fungi produces spores in round spores cases called sporangium (plural : sporangia) Example: bread mold |
| Rhizoids: | Penetrate food. Anchor the mycelium & absorb nutrients |
| Stolons: | Grows across the surface of the food source & forms mycelium |
| Sporangia: | Gross up & is filled with spores. Protect the spores. |
| Fungi reproduce asexually by: (three) | Fragmentation Budding Producing spores |
| Fragmentation: | Parts of fungus “break off” and grow into nes colonies |
| Budding: | -Cell on parent becomes a new individual -Typically only seen in unicellular fungi, like yeast |
| Spores: | -special hyphae grow upward to form sporangia that are filled with asexual spores -Spores are moved by animals, water, and wind •the more spores the better their survival -Fungi produces spores by meiosis or mitosis |
| Sexual reproduction: | -parts of mating strains fuse to form a new organism - may lead to new combinations or genes in spores found in sporangium |
| Fungal Homeostasis | -Fungi live moist environments to maintains homeostasis -the membrane of a cell helps with regulating water and nutrient flow into and out of the cell |
Created by:
Giraffespots
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