nutrients are acquired from the environment and used for cellular activities

any substance that must be provided to an organism

required in relatively large quantities, play principal role in cell structure and metabolism

present in much smaller amounts, involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure

atom or simple molecule that contains a combination of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen

contains carbon and hydrogen atoms, usually the product of living things

organism that must obtain its carbon in. organic form, dependent on other life forms, most carbon sources exist in a form that is simple enough for absorption, larger molecules must be digested by the cell before absorption

self feeder, organism that uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source, can convert CO2 into carbon compounds, not nutritionally depends on other living things

N2 primary source for heterotrophs, must be degraded into basic building blocks in order to be utilized, some bacteria and algae utilize inorganic nitrogenous nutrients

plays important tole in structural and enzymatic functions of the cell, major component of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins

overlapping roles in the biochemistry of cells, maintaining pH, forming hydrogen bonds between molecules, serves as source of free energy in oxidation-reduction reactions of respiration

phosphate, key component of nucleic acids, essential to genetic od cells and viruses, found in ATP

help determine the shape and structural stability of proteins, essential components of some vitamins and amino acids

organic compound such as amino acid that cannot be synthesized by an organism, must be provided by the environment

microbes that gain energy from chemical compounds

capture energy from light rays and transform it into chemical energy that can be used for cell metabolism, produce organic molecules that can be used by themselves and heterotrophs

chemoorganicautotrophs

use organic compounds for energy and inorganic compounds as carbon source

require neither sunlight nor organic nutrients and rely totally on inorganic materials

chemoorganic autotrophs that produce methane from hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide, formed in anaerobic hydrogen soil swamps and mud

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Microbial Nutrition

Term	Definition
nutrition	nutrients are acquired from the environment and used for cellular activities
essential nutrient	any substance that must be provided to an organism
macronutrients	required in relatively large quantities, play principal role in cell structure and metabolism
micronutrients	present in much smaller amounts, involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure
inorganic nutrients	atom or simple molecule that contains a combination of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen
organic nutrients	contains carbon and hydrogen atoms, usually the product of living things
heterotroph	organism that must obtain its carbon in. organic form, dependent on other life forms, most carbon sources exist in a form that is simple enough for absorption, larger molecules must be digested by the cell before absorption
autotroph	self feeder, organism that uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source, can convert CO2 into carbon compounds, not nutritionally depends on other living things
nitrogen sources	N2 primary source for heterotrophs, must be degraded into basic building blocks in order to be utilized, some bacteria and algae utilize inorganic nitrogenous nutrients
oxygen sources	plays important tole in structural and enzymatic functions of the cell, major component of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins
hydrogen forces	overlapping roles in the biochemistry of cells, maintaining pH, forming hydrogen bonds between molecules, serves as source of free energy in oxidation-reduction reactions of respiration
phosphorus sources	phosphate, key component of nucleic acids, essential to genetic od cells and viruses, found in ATP
sulfur sources	help determine the shape and structural stability of proteins, essential components of some vitamins and amino acids
growth factor	organic compound such as amino acid that cannot be synthesized by an organism, must be provided by the environment
phototroph	microbes that photosynthesize
chemotroph	microbes that gain energy from chemical compounds
photoautotrophs	capture energy from light rays and transform it into chemical energy that can be used for cell metabolism, produce organic molecules that can be used by themselves and heterotrophs
chemoorganicautotrophs	use organic compounds for energy and inorganic compounds as carbon source
chemolithoautotrophs	require neither sunlight nor organic nutrients and rely totally on inorganic materials
methanogens	chemoorganic autotrophs that produce methane from hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide, formed in anaerobic hydrogen soil swamps and mud
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Created by: gruszkosn

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