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Metabolism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what cells undergo reactions to produce ATP for energy | prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (autotrophic and heterotrophic processes) |
| Energy obtained with and without | oxygen |
| metabloc pathway | organized set of chemical reactions |
| anabolism | building up from simple molecules to complex and requires energy for the reaction |
| catabolism | break down complex molecules to simple molecules and releases energy for use in the cell |
| accomplishments of metabolism | assemble smaller molecule into large macromolecules for the cell, utilizing ATP (anabolism degrades macromolecules into smaller molecules, a process that yields energy (catabolism) collects and spends energy in the form of ATP or heat |
| anabolism in microbes | build up of cell molecules and structures, bonds requires energy input |
| catabolism | breaks the bonds of larger molecules release energy |
| metabolism in microbes | all chemical reactions and physical workings of the cell |
| anabolic reactions | monomers build up into polymers which is used by the body to function energy is needed for anabolic reactions glucose into glycogen amino acids folded to form proteins |
| catabolic reactions | polymers broken down into monomers which is used by the body to function and energy to carry out reactions glycogen into glucose glucose into simple sugars and energy is release proteins into amino acids |
| catalysts | speed up the rate of a chemical reaction not consumed in reaction not part of products |
| enzymes allow reaction to proceed by | increases velocity and collisions of molecules increases concentration of reactants adding a catalyst - viable option |
| how do enzymes work | enzymes bind directly to substrates can function repeatedly not used up by reaction not part of products |
| Microbial Enzymes in Disease | pathogens secrete unique enzymes that help them avoid host defenses or promote multiplication in tissues considered virulence factors or toxins because they contribute to disease |
| sensitivity of enzymes | disruption- distortion of the enzyme's shape prevents the substrate from attaching to the active site nonfunctional enzymes block metabolic reactions and can lead to cell death |
| ATP is | made by cationic reactions and used by the cell for anabolic reactions |
| if cell can't make ATP | it will die |
| aerobic respiration | reactions that convert glucose to CO2 and allows the cell to recover significant amounts of energy glycolysis, krebs cycle, respiratory chain |
| anaerobic respiration | uses glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the respiratory chain but doesn't use oxygen as final electron acceptor, uses NO3, or SO24 |
| fermentation pathway | uses only glycolysis oxygen not required uses organic compound as electron acceptor |
| fermentation | the incomplete oxidation of glucose or other carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen yields small amount of ATP uses organic compounds as the terminal electron acceptors |
| fermentation end products | gas and acid (pH change ATP |
Created by:
gruszkosn
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